Economic & Social Developments under Khrushchev Flashcards
What percentage of Industrial Capacity had been destroyed during the Second World war?
70%
When did the Land-Lease come to an end?
1947
What years was the Fourth 5 year plan?
1946-50
What were the aims of the Fourth 5 year plan?
To ‘catch up’ with the USA, to rebuild heavy industry & transport.
To revive Ukraine.
How was production affected by the Fourth 5 year plan?
Production doubled.
How much did workforce increase after the Fourth 5 year plan?
workforce increased from 67 to 77 Million.
10 million increase.
What years was the Fifth 5 year plan?
1951-55
What were the aims of the Fifth 5 year plan?
continue the development of the heavy industry & transport.
How did the aims of the Fifth 5 year plan SHIFT under Malenkov?
Post 1953- focus on consumer goods, housing etc.
How much did National Income increase after the Fifth 5 year plan?
by 71%
How successful was Malenkov’s shift of the Fifth 5 year plan?
Not very, he met opposition which led to his loss of leadership in 1955.
What was one of the most debated issues during the power struggle of 1953?
Economic issues.
How was the economic state of Russia changed in 1157?
The USSR was divided into 105 economic regions each with its own economic council.
When was the Sixth 5 year plan launched?
1956
How successful was the Sixth 5 year plan?
not very: over optimistic targets led it to be abandoned after two years.
When was the Seven Year Plan announced?
1959
What was the main emphasis of the Seven Year Plan?
improving standards of living for ordinary people.
What did the Seven Year Plan promise for working conditions?
A 40 hour working week and a 40% wage rise by 1965
What was the general affect of Krushchev’s ambitions?
Decentralisation methods added another layer of bureaucracy & his system was abandoned in 1965 after his fall from power.
When did Soviet industrial growth begin to slow down?
1958: falling from 10% to 7.5%
How did the competition with the USA hinder industrial and economic growth?
Focus on armaments and space race distorted the economy.
How did the Fourth Five Year Plan aim to recover from the 1946 drought?
By further forcing Kolkhozes to deliver agricultural products.
How much did Grain Prices raise under Krushchev?
25% between 1953 and 1956
How did Krushchev reduce the pressure on peasants?
By reducing quotas & taxes.
What changes were made under Krushchev to increase production/
Increasing the number of farms connected to electricity, increase the use of chemical fertiliser, increase the use of machinery & encouragement to merge collectives into larger farms.
What was the Virgin Lands scheme?
To cultivate grazing lands in Siberia and Kazakhstan that had not yet been ploughed.
When was the first Virgin Lands scheme launched?
1953
Why did the new pricing system under Krushchev fail?
officials kept altering prices.
Why did the Virgin Lands scheme fail in some aspects?
Long Term- didn’t consider geographical factors such as weather.
How long was the working day between 1945-53?
12 hours per day.
When was the tax on childless couples abolished?
1958
What years had the Soviet Society suffered from Zhdanovschina?
1945-53
Post war.
How did De-Stalinisation affect Russian society?
lifted restrictions on literature, foreign radio broadcasts and speech.
Greater contact with the west was experienced through television, festivals etc.
How did krushchev suppress the church?
Church services were banned from 1961 and atheism was taught in schools.
How many monasteries remained by 1965?
just under 8000
