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BPT Oncology > New drugs and pathways > Flashcards

New drugs and pathways Flashcards

1
Q

What are molecularly-targeted agents (MTAs)?

A

Drugs or other substances to target specific molecules involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells

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2
Q

What are the tumour specific vulnerabilities?

A

Oncogene addiction
Non-oncogene addiction
Synthetic lethality

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3
Q

What are the oncogene addiction targets?

A 
HER2
BRAF
EGFR 
ALK
BCR-ABL
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4
Q

What are the non-oncogene addiction targets?

A

VEGF

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5
Q

What are the synthetic lethality targets?

A

PARP inhbitors

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6
Q

What are the types of MTAs?

A 
Monocloncal antibodies (MAbs)
- Extra-cellular acting

Small molecular inhibitors

  • mosts are TKIs
  • Act within the cell
  • less specific cf to MAbs

Antibody drug conjugates
- coupling of chemotherapy drug with antibody

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7
Q

What are on-target effects?

A

Mechanism-based effect

eg sunitinib causing increased BP

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8
Q

What are off-target effects?

A

Inhibit other target

Often unwanted

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9
Q

What is ERBB-1 and ERBB-2

A

A tyrosine kinase receptor

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10
Q

What is EGFR? What happens with EGFR mutation?

A

TKR

Gain of function

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11
Q

What are some agents targeting EGFR? What is the common side effect?

A

MAbs: cetuximab and panitumumab

TKI: Erlotini and gefitinib (1st gen), afatinib (second gen)

Acneiform rash

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12
Q

What mutation results in EGFR TKI resistance?

A

T790M mutation

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13
Q

What agent is used in T790M mutation EGFR?

A

Osimertinib

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14
Q

In which cancers is HER2 most common

A

Breast - 20%

Gastro/oesophageal - 15%

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15
Q

What is trastuzumab emtansine? When is it used? What are some side effects?

A

Antibody linked with emtansine - very toxic chemo

Second line in HER2+ breast cancer

SE: thrombocytopenia, deranged LFTs (asymptomatic typically)

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16
Q

What are multikinase inhibitors?

A

Target VEGF and multiple other pathways

17
Q

What are some SE’s of multikinase inhibitors?

A

HTN, proteinuria, VTE, RPLES
GI - mucositis, diarrhoea
Rash, hand, foot and mouth
Thyroiditis

18
Q

What is CDK4 and CDK6?

A

Cell cycle proteins are inhibit retinoblastoma protein leading to cell proliferation

19
Q

What are some CDK4/6 inhibitors?

A

Ribociclib

20
Q

Which cancers have CDK4/6 activation?

A

ER+ breast ca

21
Q

When is ribociclib given? What are some SE’s

A

ER+ HER2 - breast cancer

Subclinical neutropenia, deranged LFTs, and diarrhoea

22
Q

How do PARP inhibitors work?

A

Selectively target BRCA mutated cells that lack usual repair mechanism resulting in cell death

23
Q

What are some PARP inhibitors?

A

Olaparib

24
Q

What are some SE’s of Olaparib?

A

Fatigue
Myelosuppression
GI SE’s

BPT Oncology (17 decks)

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