New And Emerging Technologies Flashcards
What is enterprise!?
The ability to identify business opportunities and take advantage of them
What is a successful business?
They are in innovative and can adapt quickly to change
What can help businesses generate new ideas?
Being able to identify new and emerging technologies
Historically what was needed to find a new product or a new business venture?
A back loan investor was needed
What does crowdfunding offer?
It enables individuals or businesses to promote an idea on the platform.
Give an example of crowdfunding
A website/to a large audience
Advantages of using the crowdfunding solution?
People can then choose to invest money in the products that they like
How are backers, usually rewarded when using crowdfunding?
They are rewarded for that investment, usually in the form of a gift discount or share in the business
What has the increased use of the Internet lead to?
Arise a virtual marketing to reach a wider market
Give example a virtual marketing
Online advertising
Give some examples of online advertising and what dies this involve?
Social media adverts
And paper click advertising.
These involve businesses paying to appear prominently in search engine results.
What does virtual retailing allow for?
It allows shoppers to buy products online. Most businesses now have online stores and websites where customers can shop.
What is a cooperative
A business that is owned and run by its workers or members. The workers or members make the business decisions and share in the profits made.
What are cooperatives usually based around?
Are usually based around local communities, but they can also be large businesses
Give an example of a large business cooperative
Nationwide building society
What does fair trade ensure?
Farmers in lower income countries get a fair price for their products so they can provide for their families
What does fair trade also aim to improve?
Trade terms and conditions for workers
Why are fair trade items labelled?
To help customers make ethical buying choices
What does automation involve?
The use of automatic equipment in manufacturing
Why was automation first developed?
It was developed to be used on a large scale and to help meet increased demand for goods
When was automation developed?
Industrial revolution
Is automated equipment, cheap or expensive
It is expensive, but it can significantly improve productivity, enabling manufacturers to create a high-quality product quickly and cheaply
List five examples of tasks that industrial robots can be programmed to carry out
Welding
Assembling parts
Painting
Labelling
Packaging
What’s the four advantages of automation and robotics?
1.increased efficiency and productivity
2.fewer errors and greater accuracy.
3.Ltd, human input reducing labour costs
4.they can perform work that is otherwise dangerous for humans
What’s the four advantages of automation and robotics?
1.increased efficiency and productivity
2.fewer errors and greater accuracy.
3.Ltd, human input reducing labour costs
4.they can perform work that is otherwise dangerous for humans
What are the four disadvantages of automation and robotics?
1.expensive to set up and maintain
To.replaces human labour leading to job loss.
3.no human judgement.
4.requires high skilled workers to operate the equipment
How have technology such as Wi-Fi and 4G is significantly improved, workplace efficiency?
By neighbouring faster communication and data transfer, and greater workforce mobility
What has new technologies also lead to?
Greater energy, efficiency and buildings and equipment
What are CAD and CAM used for?
To design and manufacture products And they have greatly affected workplace efficiency
What does CAD allow?
It allows users to draw design and model products sets of specialist software.
Designers can create with 2-D and 3-D models and manipulate their designs to test different ideas before manufacture
What does CAD allow?
It allows users to draw design and model products sets of specialist software.
Designers can create with 2-D and 3-D models and manipulate their designs to test different ideas before manufacture
Give 4 CAD examples
AutoCAD
Solidworks
Autodesk inventor
2D design
What does CAM use?
But uses CNC to create CAD designs.
What is the CAM process?
The CAD software creates the 3-D coordinates for every point of the design.
the C a.m. machine, then interprets the coordinates to manufacture the design.
List for examples of CAM equipment
Laser cutters, 3-D printers, CNC routers and CNC lathes
What does CNC stand for?
Computer numerical control
What does CNC stand for?
Computer numerical control
What are the four advantages of CAD?
1.more accurate than hand drawings.
To.enables designs to be extensively amended and tested before production.
3.allow several designers to work on the same project simultaneously.
4.offers views of 3-D models from all angles
What are the three disadvantages of CAD?
- can be difficult to learn
2.can require large amounts of memory
3.expensive software
What are the three disadvantages of CAD?
- can be difficult to learn
2.can require large amounts of memory
3.expensive software
What are the four advantages of CAM
1.high level of accuracy
2.increases the speed and efficiency of the production process.
3.products, coming manufacturer directly from CAD files
4. can operate 24 hours a day.
List the three disadvantages of C a.m.
1.expensive equipment
2.requires maintenance
3.replaces human workforce
List the three disadvantages of C a.m.
1.expensive equipment
2.requires maintenance
3.replaces human workforce
What does FMS stand for?
Flexible manufacturing systems
What does FMS stand for?
Flexible manufacturing systems
What do FMS consist of?
CNC machines that work alongside a production line
What do FMS consist of?
CNC machines that work alongside a production line
Describe the machines that are used FMS
The machines are easily adaptable and can be programmed to perform different tasks, depending on the product being made
Describe the machines that are used FMS
The machines are easily adaptable and can be programmed to perform different tasks, depending on the product being made
What is FMS ideal for
Batch production
What is FMS ideal for
Batch production
What is FMS useful for?
it allows manufacturers to adapt quickly to consumers changing needs, but altering product designs
What is FMS useful for?
it allows manufacturers to adapt quickly to consumers changing needs, but altering product designs
What can be adjusted in FMS
The layout, individual tasks and number of machines can be adjusted according to the type of product being made
What does lean manufacturing aim to do?
Minimise Waste in manufacturing process, saving money and resources and improving efficiency
Give an example of lean manufacturing
JIT
What does JIT stand for?
Just in time
What happens in JIT manufacturing?
stock is closely monitored and only ordered when it is needed the new stock then arrives”just in time” before existing stock runs out
What happens in JIT manufacturing?
stock is closely monitored and only ordered when it is needed the new stock then arrives”just in time” before existing stock runs out
What are the advantages of JIT?
1.by minimising stock levels, JIT reduces costs and limits the need for warehouse Space
2.it reduces the risk of losing money through stolen or damaged stock
3.stock is less likely to go out of date
4.decreases the time between ordering stuff and selling the finish product to customers helping cash flow.
Disadvantages of JIT
1.lost economies of scale due to ordering of small quantities
To.lack of stock if supplier delays ordering mistakes occur.
3.increased transport cost due to more frequent deliveries.
4.little room for production mistakes, because of a little to no stock
What does LCA stand for?
A life-cycle assessment
What is a life-cycle assessment used to assess?
The environmental impacts of a product at every stage of its life from obtaining the raw materials to the eventual disposal of the product
List the five steps in order of a life-cycle of a product
1.extracting, producing and processing raw materials,
2.manufacture
3.distribution and packaging
4. use
5.disposal.
What three things should be considered in the first step of a life-cycle of a product assessment?
1.how much energy is needed to extract or produce and process the raw materials?
To.does extraction of production damage the environment?
3.do raw materials adhere to environmental standards?
What two things should be considered in the second step of a product life cycle assessment?
- How much energy is needed to process materials into the final product?
- How much waste or pollution will manufacturing produce?
What two things should be considered in the second step of a product life cycle assessment?
- How much energy is needed to process materials into the final product?
- How much waste or pollution will manufacturing produce?
What 3 things should be considered in the 3rd stage of a life cycle assessment?
- What materials are used in packaging?
- How much packaging is required? Is it unnecessary bulky?
- How much pollution will distribution cause?
What should be considered in the 4th step of a life cycle assessment?
1.How will using the product affect the environment?
2. Will the product consume a lot of energy?
3. Does the product produce waste or polluting substances?
What should be considered in the final step of a life cycle assessment?
- How easy will it be to dispose of the product at the end of its life?
- How much waste or pollution will be produced as a result of disposal?
What is burnt during the manufacture of many new products and what does this result in?
Fossil fuels are burnt for energy production and transportation of materials. This releases greenhouse gases such as CO2, which many people believe global warming
What can manufacturing also give rise to?
Water, noise and air pollution
What may occur if factories leak pollutants into the environment ?
Cause harm to local wildlife, land and water supplies
What may occur if factories leak pollutants into the environment ?
Cause harm to local wildlife, land and water supplies
What is continuous improvement?
When manufacturers are constantly looking to make small improvements to their products or processes to boost productivity and efficiency
What is efficient working?
It involves making the best use of available resources to save MONEY, ENERGY and to minimise damage to the ENVIRONMENT.
How might efficient working be done?
Through investment in new technology, implementing new working practices or reducing waste during manufacture
What has Dell done to reduce and monitor energy consumption in its manufacturing facilities?
Invested in specialist technology. The technology Reduces the energy used to manufacture each new product saving money and lowering environmental impact
What are the six things that must be considered when developing new products
- Is it made from renewable or nonrenewable resources?
- Does the manufacturing process cause pollution?
- How much energy is used during manufacture?
4.Can it be disposed of easily at the end of its life cycle? - How energy-efficient all the product be?
- What are the waste products?
What does sustainability involve?
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
What does sustainability involve?
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Why must when developing a new product designers must consider the sustainability of the resources used?
When a product is manufactured, resources are consumed
What is a finite resource?
They are not renewable and cannot be replenished as fast as they are consumed, and I’ll therefore unsustainable
What is a finite resource?
They are not renewable and cannot be replenished as fast as they are consumed, and I’ll therefore unsustainable
What are non-finite resources
They are renewable and can be replenished faster than they are consumes and therefore sustainable
Name, two examples of a non-finite resource
Timber and wind power
Name, two examples of a non-finite resource
Timber and wind power
Name, an example of a finite resource
Fossil fuels, e.g. oil, gas and coal
Historically, how is most ways disposed off?
Most waste was buried at landfill sites,
What is the problem with using landfill sites?
but decaying waste can cause pollution by contaminating the local land and water supply and generating greenhouse gases
What are people being encouraged to do to try and reduce the amount of waste going to Landfill?
People are being encouraged to recycle their waste
What are people being encouraged to do to try and reduce the amount of waste going to Landfill?
People are being encouraged to recycle their waste
What is the disadvantage of recycling?
Only certain materials can be recycled, e.g. paper, plastic and metal
What kind of food way to be recycled for?
Fertiliser and to generate biofuels
What kind of food way to be recycled for?
Fertiliser and to generate biofuels
What can also be done to reduce the volume of waste going to landfill
Waste can be incinerated (burned)
What is the disadvantage of incinerating waste?
It generates significant greenhouse, gas emissions, causing more pollution
How are the 6Rs helpful for designers?
They help designers to analyse the potential environmental impact and sustainability of new products.
How are the 6Rs helpful for designers?
They help designers to analyse the potential environmental impact and sustainability of new products.
How are the 6Rs helpful for consumers?
It can help them evaluate the impact on the environment
How are the 6Rs helpful for consumers?
It can help them evaluate the impact on the environment
List the 6Rs…
- Rethink
- Reduce
- Reuse
- Recycle
5.Repair - Refuse
List the 6Rs…
- Rethink
- Reduce
- Reuse
- Recycle
5.Repair - Refuse
Meaning Of rethink
Consider how the products can be made in a more sustainable way using sustainable resources and be more sustainable itself
Meaning of refuse
We can refuse to use unsustainable and unethical resources, processes and products
Meaning of repair
We can create products that are easy to repair so that their life-cycle can be extended
Meaning of reduce
We can limit the amount of resources and energy used when creating using and disposing of products
Meaning of recycle
We should consider how the product can be made from recyclable materials, and whether or a part of it can be recycled at the end of its life
Meaning of reuse
Consider how the products can be used again, or in other ways once it has served its function
What is a technology push?
Sometimes a new material or technique will become available through research and development that enables designers to create new exciting products
Give an example of a technology push
The Apple iPad
Give an example of a technology push
The Apple iPad
What is a market pull?
A new product development is driven by changing consumer, demands and requirements
Give an example of a market pull
The reusable coffee cup as people have recently been looking for Greener alternatives to plastic
Give an example of a market pull
The reusable coffee cup as people have recently been looking for Greener alternatives to plastic
What has the rise in information technology and manufacturing automation led to in terms of jobs?
A huge reduction in manufacturing jobs and
a rise in skilled jobs and service industry jobs
What do some people argue about technology in terms of jobs?
That technology often leads to redundancies and unemployment
What is the counter argument that technology often leads to redundancies and unemployment?
That technology is simply changing the nature of peoples jobs manual work may become less common, but more skilled roles are becoming available
What do designers need to consider to accommodate different groups within society and their different needs?
The values, cultures, customs and behaviours of different groups when developing new products
What is research vital when a product is being designed for a specific market or group?
1.It is vital to research that market or group,p
2.It is important to consider the wider world, including different religions cultures and languages to ensure the product doesn’t cause offence or have a negative impact on certain groups in society
What has a big impact on new product development?
Fashion
What has a big impact on new product development?
Fashion
Why does fashion have a big impact on new product development?
People will not purchase products that are considered uncool!
Why does fashion have a big impact on new product development?
People will not purchase products that are considered uncool!
How has the Internet enabled businesses and people to showcase new fashion and trends?
Businesses and People (eg: Celebs) do it instantly through social media sites and blogs, resulting in trends coming and going very quickly
Give an example of a product that has been adapted to suit elderly people who may have poor vision or reduce mobility
Weighted cutlery has been specially designed to make dining easier for individuals with limited hand control
You have any sample of a product that has been ducted to help those with physical disabilities, who may have restricted speech or mobility
Text-to-speech technology enables those with speech difficulties to communicate via computer
What is planned obsolescence?
Most products are designed to have a set lifespan summer designed to last a long time, whereas others are designed to last for only one use
Three. Examples of planned obsolescence.
- A car 10 to 15 years
- A mobile phone 2 to 3 years
- A coffee pod 1 use
What are single products not necessarily needed to be?
Durable, but it is preferred that they are biodegradable can be recycled
What are single products not necessarily needed to be?
Durable, but it is preferred that they are biodegradable can be recycled
Why do many technology and fashion products initially have short lifespans?
Because customer demand, quickly changes in response to new technologies and trends
What do some businesses use planned obsolescence for?
To ensure a steady stream of sales. If their products last a long time they will suffer from fewer sales.
How was planned obsolescence bad for the environment?
It produces more waste.
such as designers must balance, ethics and environment with profit when developing new products
What does it mean by some products are designed for maintenance
when a part of the product is broken or worn out, the component can be repaired or replaced without having to throw the whole product away
this is better for the environment 😀
What is designed for dissembly?
Is a design strategy that considers the future need to dissemble a product for repair recycling or to prolong its life cycle
What do some manufacturers do to keep prices low for their customers?
They look for ways to cut costs during production. Sometimes this may involve behaviour that is considered unethical.
What do some manufacturers do to keep prices low for their customers?
They look for ways to cut costs during production. Sometimes this may involve behaviour that is considered unethical.
Give three examples of behaviour that is considered unethical by manufacturers to keep prices low for customers
Using cheaper overseas labour
Using cheaper materials
Illegally disposing of waste
Give three examples of behaviour that is considered unethical by manufacturers to keep prices low for customers
Using cheaper overseas labour
Using cheaper materials
Illegally disposing of waste
Why are some customers willing to pay a higher price for ethically sourced fair trade products?
They do it in the knowledge that the workers can work safely and have been paid fairly
What does using timber branded with the FSC label insure?
That has come from a sustainable source
Products made from what can help minimise damage the environment
Products made from renewable materials and manufactured with minimal energy consumption
Products made from what can help minimise damage the environment
Products made from renewable materials and manufactured with minimal energy consumption
What can also help minimise the damage to the environment in terms of products
Insuring the products have long lifespans, or can be recycled or reused
