Development and new materials

Question 1

What are the properties of graphene?

Answer 1

transparent,
very strong and light
an excellent conductor of heat and electricity

Question 2

What are the uses of graffiti?

Answer 2

1.protective equipment and clothing
2.can be mixed with paint to protect materials from corrosion
3.ideal material for use in Solar cells due to its transparency and conductive properties

Question 3

What are metal foams?

Answer 3

Metals are injected with air whilst in liquid state

Question 4

What are the properties of metal foams?

Answer 4

They are lightweight.
Strong under compression so absorb energy well.
Low thermal conductivity

Question 5

Uses of metal foams?

Answer 5

Prosthetics
Ideal for use in soundproofing and crash protection in vehicles due to its ability to absorb energy

Question 6

What is titanium?

Answer 6

A metal that has historically been difficult to extract, refine and process

Question 7

What are the properties of titanium?

Answer 7

High strength to weight ratio
Corrosion resistant.
Can withstand extreme temperatures.
Expensive

Question 8

Uses of titanium

Answer 8

Prosthetics
Ideal for use in aircraft and spacecraft due to its resistance to corrosion and high strength to weight ratio.
Often Alloyed with other metals

Question 9

How come properties of metals be improved?

Answer 9

By adding a coating of another material

Question 10

How can coating a metal with another material improve its properties?

Answer 10

It’s often increases strength and resistant to corrosion

Question 11

Examples of coated metals

Answer 11

Nickel plated steel
Polymer, coated aluminium.
Galvanise steel (applying a protective zinc coating)

Question 12

What are LCDs?

Answer 12

Flat panel displays that use liquid crystals to control, light emission, and create an image

Question 13

What does LCD stand for?

Answer 13

Liquid-crystal displays

Question 14

What happens when voltage is applied to liquid crystals in LCDs

Answer 14

They change shape and allow different levels of light to pass through, thereby creating an image

Question 15

What do you nano materials contain?

Answer 15

They contain particles less than 100 nm in size and have different properties to large particles of the same material

Question 16

What are the properties of nano materials?

Answer 16

They have a large surface area to volume ratio, which can improve properties such as strength, conductivity and reactivity

Question 17

What happens to the properties of smart materials?

Answer 17

They change in response to external stimuli, such a stress, temperature and moisture or pH

Question 18

What does SMA stand for?

Answer 18

Shape memory alloys

Question 19

What are SMAs?

Answer 19

They are metal alloys with memory properties they can return to the original shape after being deform through heating or applying an electrical current

Question 20

Give an example of an SMA

Answer 20

Nitinol, an alloy of nickel and titanium

Question 21

What do thermochromic pigments do?

Answer 21

They change colour in response to changes in temperature in thermochromic liquid crystals, crystals, re-orientate as the temperature changes causing a change in colour.

Question 22

What do photochromic pigments do?

Answer 22

They change colour in response to changes in light levels. They can be used in glasses, so the lenses get lighter or darker depending on light levels.

Question 23

What are composite materials made from?

Answer 23

Made from two or more materials, often ones with contrasting properties

Question 24

What kind of been in the properties of two different materials lead to?

Answer 24

The development of new and improved materials

Question 25

Give an example of a composite material

Answer 25

Concrete is one of the most common composite materials

Question 26

What does GRP stand for?

Answer 26

Glass reinforced plastic

Question 27

What is glass reinforced plastic?

Answer 27

It combines glass fibres with a thermosetting plastic to create a lightweight, strong and resistant material

Question 28

Give an example of where glass reinforced plastic are used

Answer 28

They are used in both holes and carbodies

Question 29

What does CRP stand for?

Answer 29

Carbon reinforced plastic

Question 30

What Is carbon reinforced plastic

Answer 30

It combines carbon fibres with a thermosetting plastic

Question 31

Compare carbon reinforced plastic to glass reinforced plastic

Answer 31

It is more rigid, stronger and lighter than GRP, but it is more expensive and brittle

Question 32

What is technical textiles?

Answer 32

When some textiles are manufactured for functionality rather than aesthetics

Question 33

Give an example of a technical textile

Answer 33

Kevlar is a strong, synthetic textile with a high tensile strength to weight ratio

Question 34

What is Kevlar are often used in

Answer 34

Protective armour

Question 35

What are conductive textiles?

Answer 35

They conduct electricity metal fibres are either spun into the fabric or metal base. Powders are impregnated into the fabric.

Question 36

What are fire resistant fabrics?

Answer 36

They are flame resistance, built into the chemical structures to protect the wearer

Question 37

Give an example of fire resistant fabrics

Answer 37

Nomex

Question 38

Describe the properties of microfibres

Answer 38

They are breathable and durable, so often use in sports clothing.

Question 39

What can all microfibres have?

Answer 39

They can also be microencapsulated to incorporate tiny capsules that are capable of holding substances over time, the capsules rupture, releasing the contents.

Question 40

Give an example of what microencapsulated microfibres can be used for

Answer 40

Stents, therapeutic, oils and insecticides