Development and new materials Flashcards
What are the properties of graphene?
transparent,
very strong and light
an excellent conductor of heat and electricity
What are the uses of graffiti?
1.protective equipment and clothing
2.can be mixed with paint to protect materials from corrosion
3.ideal material for use in Solar cells due to its transparency and conductive properties
What are metal foams?
Metals are injected with air whilst in liquid state
What are the properties of metal foams?
They are lightweight.
Strong under compression so absorb energy well.
Low thermal conductivity
Uses of metal foams?
Prosthetics
Ideal for use in soundproofing and crash protection in vehicles due to its ability to absorb energy
What is titanium?
A metal that has historically been difficult to extract, refine and process
What are the properties of titanium?
High strength to weight ratio
Corrosion resistant.
Can withstand extreme temperatures.
Expensive
Uses of titanium
Prosthetics
Ideal for use in aircraft and spacecraft due to its resistance to corrosion and high strength to weight ratio.
Often Alloyed with other metals
How come properties of metals be improved?
By adding a coating of another material
How can coating a metal with another material improve its properties?
It’s often increases strength and resistant to corrosion
Examples of coated metals
Nickel plated steel
Polymer, coated aluminium.
Galvanise steel (applying a protective zinc coating)
What are LCDs?
Flat panel displays that use liquid crystals to control, light emission, and create an image
What does LCD stand for?
Liquid-crystal displays
What happens when voltage is applied to liquid crystals in LCDs
They change shape and allow different levels of light to pass through, thereby creating an image
What do you nano materials contain?
They contain particles less than 100 nm in size and have different properties to large particles of the same material
What are the properties of nano materials?
They have a large surface area to volume ratio, which can improve properties such as strength, conductivity and reactivity
What happens to the properties of smart materials?
They change in response to external stimuli, such a stress, temperature and moisture or pH
What does SMA stand for?
Shape memory alloys
What are SMAs?
They are metal alloys with memory properties they can return to the original shape after being deform through heating or applying an electrical current
Give an example of an SMA
Nitinol, an alloy of nickel and titanium
What do thermochromic pigments do?
They change colour in response to changes in temperature in thermochromic liquid crystals, crystals, re-orientate as the temperature changes causing a change in colour.
What do photochromic pigments do?
They change colour in response to changes in light levels. They can be used in glasses, so the lenses get lighter or darker depending on light levels.
What are composite materials made from?
Made from two or more materials, often ones with contrasting properties
What kind of been in the properties of two different materials lead to?
The development of new and improved materials
Give an example of a composite material
Concrete is one of the most common composite materials
What does GRP stand for?
Glass reinforced plastic
What is glass reinforced plastic?
It combines glass fibres with a thermosetting plastic to create a lightweight, strong and resistant material
Give an example of where glass reinforced plastic are used
They are used in both holes and carbodies
What does CRP stand for?
Carbon reinforced plastic
What Is carbon reinforced plastic
It combines carbon fibres with a thermosetting plastic
Compare carbon reinforced plastic to glass reinforced plastic
It is more rigid, stronger and lighter than GRP, but it is more expensive and brittle
What is technical textiles?
When some textiles are manufactured for functionality rather than aesthetics
Give an example of a technical textile
Kevlar is a strong, synthetic textile with a high tensile strength to weight ratio
What is Kevlar are often used in
Protective armour
What are conductive textiles?
They conduct electricity metal fibres are either spun into the fabric or metal base. Powders are impregnated into the fabric.
What are fire resistant fabrics?
They are flame resistance, built into the chemical structures to protect the wearer
Give an example of fire resistant fabrics
Nomex
Describe the properties of microfibres
They are breathable and durable, so often use in sports clothing.
What can all microfibres have?
They can also be microencapsulated to incorporate tiny capsules that are capable of holding substances over time, the capsules rupture, releasing the contents.
Give an example of what microencapsulated microfibres can be used for
Stents, therapeutic, oils and insecticides
