Neutrophils Flashcards
What is the primary function of neutrophils?
phagocytosis and bactericidal action
What processes are necessarry for the phagocytotic and bactericidal functions of neutrophils?
stickiness for emigration through vessel walls; chemotaxis - motile response toward an attractant in tissue; ingestion/degranulation; bacteriocidal action
What may neutrophil function be compromised by?
deficiency of various humoral/cellular components; drug actions; toxic bacterial products
What are the secondary functions of neutrophils?
secretion of endogenous pyrogen when exposed to bacteria/bacterial products; contribute to pathology of certian conditions - ex. immune complex glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis
Define septecemia.
Bacteria in the bloodstream.
Define bacteremia.
Bacteria in the bloodstream.
Define diapedesis.
the process of a neutrophil passing through the endothelium of the blood vessels and into the tissues of the body
What is the fourth stage of neutrophil production?
myelocyte
What is the third stage of neutrophil production?
promyelocyte
What is the second stage of neutrophil production?
myeloblast
What is the progenitor cell type for neutrophil production?
stem cell
What are the three types of myelocytes?
neutrophillic, eosinophillic, basophilic
How are the three different types of myelocytes identified?
The three types of myelocytes are identified by the presence of specific granules in the cytoplasm
What is the fifth stage of neutrophil production?
metamyelocytes
What is the sixth stage of neutrophil production?
neutrophilic band
What is the seventh stage of neutrophil production?
neutrophilic segmenter
What is the first stage that a neutrophil cell line progenitor can be distinguished?
myelocyte
How many divisions occur during neutrophil production?
five points of division - myeloblast (one division), promyelocyte (one division), and myelocyte (about three divisions)
How many days supply of neutrophils does the body store?
In health there is about a five day supply of neutrophils in storage.
What is a neutrophilic left shift?
A neutrophilic left shift occurs during periods of increased need. When mature neutrophils in stroage are depleted, progressively younger cells are released into the blood.
WHat are the mechanicms for increased neutrophil production?
increased stem cell input; increased effective granulopoiesis in proliferation/maturation
When does increased stem cell input occur?
at the earliest demand for neutrophils
How many days from increased stem cell input until a difference is seen in blood neutrophil numbers?
4-5 days
What steps are taken to increase effective granulopoiesis in proliferation and maturation?
additional divisions; normal myelocyte attrition decreased