NEUTRALIZATION (WEEK 5 PT1) Flashcards
Theory: propose by Suante ________
Any substance which releases H+ ions in the water solution. (Acids)
Any substance which releases OH- ions in the water solution. (Base)
Arrhenius Theory
Theory: propose by Johannes Nicolaus _____ and Martin ______
it donates a proton (Acids)
it accepts a proton (Base)
Bronsted-Lowry Theory
Theory: proposed by Gilbert N. _____
it accept an electron pair (Acids)
it donates an electron pair (Base)
Lewis theory
substances that can both donate and accept protons depending on the conditions.
Amphiprotic
substances are those that can act both as an acid and as a base.
Amphoteric
Example of an Amphiprotic/ Amphoteric substances?
Water (H2O)
a substance that accept the H+ ion of the base that donates H+ ion.
Conjugate Acid
species that remains after the acid has donated its proton.
conjugate base
Examples of strong acids:
So (Acids) H2SO4
Sulfuric Acid
Examples of strong acids:
I- HI
Hydroiodic acid
Examples of strong acids:
Brought- HBr
Hydrobromic Acid
Examples of strong acids:
No- HNO3
Nitric acid
Examples of strong acids:
Clean- HCl
Hydrochloric acid
Examples of strong acids:
Clothes- HClO4
Perchloric Acid
2 Analysis of compounds
Acidimetry
Alkalimetry
– percentage potency, strength or
percentage purity of a drug or preparation.
- amount per 100
% Assay
2 Types of Assay – number of titrant
Direct
Residual
a base is being assayed using a
standard acid solution
Direct Acidimetry
a base is being assayed with
a known excess of a (1st) standard acid,
where the excess acid is determined
by standard base (2nd)
RESIDUAL Acidimetry
WHY Residual Titration happened?
-Sample is insoluble in water
-Reaction with standard solution is
slow
-Sample does not give a distinct
endpoint with an indicator by
direct titration
if using an accurately measured volume of a standard alkali solutions
Direct Alkalimetry
if the process requires adding an
excess of the (1) standard alkali solution and
determining the amount in excess by residual
titration with (2) standard acid solution
Residual Alkalimetry
(g) = ml x N x meq
formula in what ?
Amount of pure substance
ml (titrant) x N (titrant) x meq (Ana)
————————————————x 100
wt/ vol of sample (analyte)
Formula on what ?
% Assay
is carried in the same manner as
the actual test BUT without the sample
Performed to correct errors due to:
* the presence of impurities in the reagents
* changes in volume at different temperature
* absorption of carbon dioxide by the alkali
* by the alkalinity imparted by the glass
Blank Determination
what assay do perform a blank determination?
Assay of Aspirin capsule
Assay of Aspirin capsule is called what type of assay ?
RESIDUAL ALKALIMETRIC ASSAY
Assay of Acetic acid and Assay of Hydrochloric acid are called what type of assay?
DIRECT ALKALIMETRIC ASSAY
Other examples of RESIDUAL ALKALIMETRIC ASSAY
Assay of Diluted Phosphoric Acid
Assay of Boric Acid
Assay of Tartaric acid
Assay of Ethyl acetate
Assay of Methyl salicylate
Assay of Chloral hydrate
Assay of Formaldehyde
Aspirin + Base (NaoH) will from what 2 compound?
Sodium Acetyl Salicylate and water
Sodium Acetyl Salicylate undergo what kind of process to form two by product ?
Hydrolysis
Sodium Acetyl Salicylate + acid (H2SO4) form what 2 compound?
Sodium Salicylate and Acetic Acid
