neutralisation reactions - Chemistry Flashcards
What is the definition of an acid?
an aqueous solution that has a pH of below 7
What is the definition of a base?
a substance which has a pH greater than 7
What’s the difference between a base and an alkali?
a base is any substance that has a pH greater than 7 whereas an alkali is a type of base which dissolves to form a solution with a pH greater than 7
True or false: all alkalis are aqueous
true
What makes a solution acidic?
the solution produces hydrogen ions (H⁺)
What makes a solution alkaline?
the solution produces hydroxide ions (OH⁻)
What is the definition of a neutralisation reaction?
neutralisation reaction reaction which reacts an acid and a base (alkali)
Label the 3 different neutralisation reactions
acid + alkali → salt + water
acid + base → salt + water
acid + carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide
Label 3 acids and state their charge
hydrochloric acid - HCl ⁻
sulfuric acid - H₂SO₄
nitric acid - HNO₃
Label 2 alkalis and state their charge
sodium hydroxide - NaOH
calcium carbonate - CaCO₃ ²⁻
What’s the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?
a strong acid will fully ionise all of it’s acid particles to release H⁺ ions, whereas only some of the acid particles will ionise in a weak acid
Why do weak acids not fully ionise?
the reaction in the acid is reversable, causing some of the products (H⁺ ions) to reverse back into the reactants
What is the definition of the strength of an acid?
how much of an acid will ionise to produce H⁺ ions
What is the definition of the concentration of an acid?
the amount of acid in a given volume
What is the definition of an insoluble solution?
a solution that cannot dissolve in water
What is the definition of an soluble solution?
a solution that dissolves in water
Finish the equation:
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide → _________ + _________
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium chloride + water
What is the key to forming salts in a neutralisation reaction?
take the negative ion from the acid and the positive ion from the base and put them together
Label 3 salts and label their charge
chlorides - Cl⁻
sulphates - SO₄²
nitrates - NO₃⁻
Finish the equation:
Metal + acid → _____ + _____
Metal + acid → salt + hydrogen
Finish the equation:
Metal + water → _____ + _____
Metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen
