enzymes - Biology

Question 1

which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?

Answer 1

carbohydrase

Question 2

what do carbohydrates break down into?

Answer 2

simple sugars such as glucose

Question 3

what enzyme catalyses starch?

Answer 3

amylaze

Question 4

what is a catalyst?

Answer 4

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 5

where is amylase produced?

Answer 5

salivary glands in the mouth and in the pancreas which is released into the small intestine

Question 6

which type of tissue produces enzymes?

Answer 6

glandular tissues

Question 7

define ‘enzymes’

Answer 7

biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms

Question 8

what does it mean when an enzyme becomes denatured?

Answer 8

it’s 3d shape has been altered, causing it to lose its functionality. This alters the effectiveness of the process of catalysing a reaction

Question 9

what are some factors that can cause an enzyme to become denatured?

Answer 9

Changes in temperature, pH, exposure to certain chemicals

Question 10

which enzyme breaks down Proteins?

Answer 10

protease

Question 11

what does protein break down into?

Answer 11

amino acids

Question 12

what are the main types of carbohydrates?

Answer 12

glucose, lactose, starch

Question 13

what enzyme breaks down lactose?

Answer 13

lactase

Question 14

what are the 2 different types of amylase and why are they different?

Answer 14

salivary amylase - produces in the salivary glands in the mouth, pancreatic amylase - produced in the pancreas and released into the small intestines

Question 15

what is glycogen?

Answer 15

a form of glucose that is used for energy storage in the liver and muscles

Question 16

what enzyme breaks down lipids (fats)?

Answer 16

lipase

Question 17

where is protease produced?

Answer 17

pancreas, stomach, small intestine

Question 18

what are the functions of the pancreas?

Answer 18

to produce enzymes, to release bicarbonate to neutralise stomach acid, to produce hormones

Question 19

where is lipase produced?

Answer 19

pancreas, stomach, salivary glands

Question 20

what are lipids broken down into?

Answer 20

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 21

true or false:
are all enzymes catalysts?

Answer 21

true

Question 22

what are the functions of stomach acid?

Answer 22

1) to break down food in digestion
2) to create an acidic environment which helps digestion and prevents the growth of harmful bacteria
3) to absorb certain nutrients such as calcium and iron

Question 23

what does it mean to emulsify?

Answer 23

to create an environment where the breaking down of fats by enzymes is easier and more efficient

Question 24

what are emulsifying agents?

Answer 24

substances that stabilise emulsions by increasing the surface area of 2 immiscible liquids such as oil and water to make it easier for enzymes to break down

Question 25

where is bile produced and where does it go?

Answer 25

It is produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder and then released by the gall bladder into the small intestines

Question 26

what are the 2 functions of bile?

Answer 26

1) to neutralise stomach acid
2) to emulsify fats

Question 27

why does bile neutralise stomach acids?

Answer 27

stomach acids create an acidic environment in the stomach, however as the food gets passed along, the small intestines cannot withstand the acidic environment of the food, and so the bile neutralises them to create a safe environment for the small intestines

Question 28

why does bile emulsify fats?

Answer 28

to increase the surface area of the fats, which makes it easier for the enzymes to break them down

Question 29

true or false:
bile is an enzyme

Answer 29

false, it is a digestive fluid

Question 30

what is hydrochloric acid also known as biologically?

Answer 30

stomach acid