bioenergetics - Biology Flashcards
what type of exercise uses aerobic respiration?
long, low-intensity exercise
give a couple of examples of exercise that would use aerobic respiration
cycling, jogging
is aerobic respiration exothermic or endothermic?
exothermic - the breaking down of glucose releases energy
what is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose → energy + lactic acid
what type of exercise uses anaerobic respiration?
short, high-intensity exercise
give a couple of examples of exercise that would use anaerobic respiration
sprinting, long jump
why do athletes get fatigue?
due to the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles
what is the equation for oxidising lactic acid?
lactic acid + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
what are some effects a person might experience straight after anaerobic exercise?
increase in breathing volume and rate
what is oxygen debt?
the amount of oxygen the body needs to remove lactic acid after anaerobic exercise
label some effects that your heart does after exercise
increases heart rate, dilates the arteries to your muscles
why does temperature raise when doing exercise?
exercise (both aerobic and anaerobic), is exothermic, so energy is lost as heat
what happens to your glycogen when doing exercise?
it is converted back into glucose for respiration
what is the definition of metabolism?
the sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell or body
what are the 4 main roles of the liver?
- detoxifies substances such as ethanol
- breaks down products so waste can be excreted by the kidneys
- breaks down worn blood cells and stores them as iron
- deals with the lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration
how does the liver deal with the lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration?
- blood transports lactic acid to the liver
- lactic acid is oxidised to produce glucose
- which is either used in aerobic respiration, or stored as glycogen
what are the 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis?
light intensity, temperature and carbon dioxide levels
why does the temperature cause the rate of photosynthesis to fall just over 40° C?
enzymes have become denatured, and therefore they can’t carry out photosynthesis
label 5 adaptations in the leaf and explain how each one is adapted to increase the rate of photosynthesis
- Large surface area - absorb more light
- Thin - shorter distance for diffusion of gases
- Lots of chlorophyll - carry out more photosynthesis
- Stomata - allows diffusion of gases in and out the leaf
- Xylem - supplies the leaf with water
how is starch used in a plant?
used for storage of glucose
how is cellulose used in a plant?
strengthens cell walls
how are amino acids used in a plant?
provide the building blocks for proteins
what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast cells?
glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
