Neutering Flashcards
The ovarian ligament is within which ligament?
Suspensory
What blood vessel runs lateral to the uterus?
Uterine arteries
What is an ovarioectomy and ovariohysterectomy? What remains in the body?
Ovarioectomy - remove ovaries
Ovariohysterectomy - remove ovaries, uterine horns and body
Cervix
When using curved clamps, what direction should they face in when clamping?
Away from the body
To prevent damaging any structures
What are the 2 mechanisms for cat spay and what are the advantages/disadvantages?
Lateral flank - shorter convalescence, but problems require midline incisions
Ventral midline - longer convalesence, full access and view to abdomen so can deal with complications
How do you tell if a ligature is tight enough?
Cold blanching - get a waist where blood is moving away from the ligature
Describe the first stage in a midline spay. Where is the uterus located?
Make incision
Dispace bladder caudally and SI cranially
Uterus on top of colon
After locating the uterus you find the first uterine horn with dressing forceps. Why do you use dressing forceps?
Tissue forceps have rat teeth
Could puncture/damage abdominal organ
What do you do after grabbing the first uterine horn?
Exteriorise the ovary
Ligate the suspensory ligament with the 3 clamp technique
What is within the suspensory ligament?
Ovarian ligament, artery and vein
What is the 3 clamp technique?
Use 2 or 3 clamps
Place bottom first, then top, then middle
Tie circumferential ligature into groove left by bottom clamp
cut between middle and top
What gap needs to be between the middle and bottom clamp? Why?
3mm
Provide sufficient stump to prevent ligature slipping off
After doing the 3 clamp technique on the suspensor ligament, what do you do?
Check for bleeding by gripping ovarian pedicle with tissue forceps
If slips retie
Do not lose grip before checking for bleeding?
Why is the 3 clamp technique used for ligating the uterine body?
Tissue is too friable
After locating, exteriorising and removing both suspensory ligaments, what should you do?
Pull uterine horns caudally to expose cervix
Double clamp uterine body (above cervix) and ligate below clamps with transfixion ligature
Cut between 2 clamps
Check cervical stump for bleeding
When doing a transfixion ligature on the uterus body, what structures should you avoid?
Uterine blood vessels
What is different about the flank approach in terms of method?
Same process but can’t see anatomy
If in R lat recumbency, L horn should be below incision
If lose grasp of ovarian pedicle or cervical stump before checking for haemorrhage you need to enter via ventral midline
What is the difference between the suspensory ligament in cats and dogs?
Cat - suspensory ligament long and loose, easily exteriorised
Dog - suspensory ligament short and tight, must be broken to exteriorise
What is the difference between the cervix in a queen and bitch?
Queen - smooth and soft, not distinguishable from uterine body. May require transection
Bitch - muscular, distinguishable from uterine body
