IVFT Flashcards
What semipermeable membranes are found in the body?
Capillary membranes - between blood and interstitial space
Cell membranes - between cells and interstitial space
Fluid moves from high to low HSP. What affects HSP?
Osmotic pressure (by ions) Oncotic pressure (by proteins)
How can fluids usually be delivered?
IV, SC, IP, IO
What are the 3 types of fluids?
Crystalloids
Colloids
Protein based solutions
What is in crystalloid fluids?
Water
NaCl
Other solutes
What is in colloid fluids?
Water
NaCl
Starch
Other solutes
Colloids contain macromolecules. What do these do in terms of fluid retention?
Lead to retention of fluid in intravascular space
What are the 2 types of protein based solutions?
Non-oxygen carriers (plasma) Oxygen carriers (blood)
Concentration of fluids is described by tonicity in comparison to plasma. What are the percentages of salinity for each type of tonicity solution?
Isotonic - 0.9% saline (dehydration)
Hypotonic - 0.4% saline (long term use - prevent Na accumulation)
Hypertonic - 7.5% saline (shock - rapid increases circulatory volume, not for dehydration)
Isotonic fluids cause no net movement. What movement do hypotonic fluids cause?
Causes water to be drawn from blood vessels into interstitial space
Isotonic fluids cause no net movement. What movement do hypertonic fluids cause?
Cause water to be drawn from interstitial space to intravascular space
How is mls of dehydration estimated?
Times % of dehydration by 1000 and bodyweight
<5% of dehydration shows no clinical signs. 5% dehydration causes what clinical signs
Normal demeanour
Normal skin elasticity
Sticky to dry mm
Normal globe position
What are the signs for 7% dehydration?
Normal eye
Dry mm
Mildly depressed
Mildly decreased skin tugor
What are the clinical signs of 10% dehydration
Moderately depressed
Moderately decreased skin tugor
Dry mm
Slightly sunken globe
What are the clinical signs of 12% dehydration
Close to death - moribund
Skin tent
Dry mm
Deeply sunken globe
What is maintenance fluid?
2ml/kg/hr
What is dehydration?
Loss of fluid from intravascular and interstitial space
How are ongoing losses estimated?
4ml/kg/episode
When treating mild dehydration, you should administer fluids how long? What are the 2 ways to do this? What should you do after this period?
24hrs
Gravity or infusion pump
Reevaluate HR, RR, mm and pulse quality
Hypovolaemic shock is an emergency and needs an increased intravascular volume ASAP. What restricts treating hypovolaemic shock by IVFT?
Size of catheter
Consider using 2
How should you administer fluids whilst treating hyovolaemic shock?
Administer bolus of fluids
Not using gravity
Apply pressure by squeezing bag
Hypovolaemic shock can be with or without dehydration. Give an example of each
With dehydration - chronic D+ or V+
Without dehydration - loss of blood e.g. RTA
When giving bolus administration of fluids, how much should you give per kg of patient and over what time period?
10ml/kg
Over 30 minutes then re-evaluate: if still in shock repeat, if no longer in shock switch to continuous infusion fluid
