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ANAT 214 > Neurovascular of Abdomen & Portal System > Flashcards

Neurovascular of Abdomen & Portal System Flashcards

1
Q

abdomina aorta

A 
enters abdomen at T12 through aortic aperture
descends along vertebral column, left to midline
terminates at L4 where bifurcates into 2 common iliac A (2-2.5cm below umbilicus) 
paired parietal (posterior) 
paire visceral (lateral) 
unpaired visceral (anterior)
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2
Q

Paired parietal (posterior)

A

inferior phrenic: 1 pair, T12

lumbar arteries: 4 pairs (each level L1-L4)

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3
Q

paired visceral (lateral)

A

middle suprarenal: L1
renal: L1-L2
gonadal (testicular or ovarian) L2

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4
Q

unpaired

A 
celiac trunk T12 
superior mesenteric (L1) 
inferior mesenteric (L3)
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5
Q

inferior phrenic

A

1st branch from aorta, under aortic aperture
follows the inferior surface of diaphragm
gives superior suprarenal arteries

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6
Q

lumbar arteries

A

4 pairs for L1-L4
posterior aspect of abdominal aorta
like posterior intercostal: along vertebral body
vascularise spinal cord (segment) and posterior abdominal wall

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7
Q

Celiac trunk

A 
arises on anterior surface of aorta, right below aortic aperture
gives 3 branches: 
left gastric
splenic 
common hepatic artery
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8
Q

celiac trunk: left gastric

A

uppermost branch of celiac trunk
follows lesser curvature of stomach
gives: oesophageal branches
vascularise lesser curvature of stomach, inferior portion of esophagus, lesser omentum

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9
Q

common hepatic artery:

A

large vessel directed to the right

gives 1 main branches: proper hepatic & gastroduodenal arteries

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10
Q

proper hepatic

A

goes up toward liver
gives: right gastric artery. for lesser curvature of stomach
will anastamose with left gastric

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11
Q

gastroduodenal artery

A

goes down towards pancreas& duodenum
gives 2 branches
right gastro-omental artery
superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

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12
Q

splenic artery

A

large curled vessel directed to the left
passe posterior to stomach
gives: pancreatic arteries, left gastro-omental artery, short gastric artery

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13
Q

left gastro-omental artery

A

will anastomose with right gastro-omental artery

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14
Q

short gastric artery

A

vascularize the fundus of stomach

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15
Q

superior mesenteric artery

A

anterior surface of aorta
behind neck of pancreas, anterior to left renal vein
vascularize midgut
gives inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (anastomose with sup. pancreaticoduodenal)
all other branches for small intestine

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16
Q

inferior mesenteric artery

A

anterior surface of aorta
inferior of duodenum
vascularize hindgut
gives: left colic (will anastomose with middle colic via marginal colic branch) sigmoid & superior rectal

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17
Q

middle suprarenal

A

arise on each side of aorta, superior to renal arteries

vascularise suprarenal glands (superior pole of kidney

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18
Q

renal

A

large vessels arising on each side of aorta almost lateral to SMA
left renal artery is 1/2 shorter than right
right renal passes behind IVC
vascularize kidney: 1.2 L per minute
give inferior suprarenal arteries

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19
Q

gonadal arteries

A

arise inferior to the renal arteries on the anterolateral surface of aorta
directed inferiorly, cross over ureter, travel down on psoas.
male: in spermatic cord in inguinal cnal
female: to ovary in pelvis cavity

20
Q

inferior vena cava

A

receives blood from retro peritoneal& pelvic organs , wall of abdomen & pelvis, & lower limbs
originate where 2 common iliac veins merge
ascends on the right side of vertebral column
passed post to liver
enters thoracic cavity through caval aperture (T8)
corresponds to arteries except for the unpaired branches.

21
Q

tributaries of IVC

A 
inferior phrenic 
hepatic vein 
suprarenal 
renal 
gonadal 
ascending lumbar 
lumbar veins
22
Q

inferior phrenic veins & lumbar veins

A

drain posterior wall & diaphragm

accompany arteries of same name

23
Q

ascending lumbar

A

between lumbar veins
continuous with azygos system
function as a collateral pathway between IVC and SVC

24
Q

veins of retroperitoneal organs: renal, suprarenal & gonadal veins

A

important variation between right & left

left gonadal & suprarenal veins drain into left renal vein not directly in IVC contrarily to right side

25
Q

veins of intraperitoneal organ

A

hepatic veins: drain liver return blood to circulation after filtration
immediately inferior to caval aperture

26
Q

portal vein system

A

nutrien-rich venous blood from capillary bed of the GI tract and associated organ to sinusoids of liver
treated blood return to systemic circulation

27
Q

portosystemic pathway

A

GI capillary–> venule–> tributaries of portal vein–> 2nd capillary system (liver) –> venule–> hepatic vein–> IVC

28
Q

portal vein tributaries

A 
list: hepatic portal vein
splenic vein
superior mesenteric, 
inferior mesenteric
small tributaries
29
Q

hepatic portal vein

A 
downstream vessel before liver
passes post. to duodenum
enters hepatoduodenal lig. 
major anatomical variation 
usually connection of splenic & superior mesenteric
30
Q

splenic vein

A

drains spleen

receives short gastric, esophageal, left gastro-omental& sup. pancreaticoduodenal veins

31
Q

superior mesenteric vein:

A

drains small intestine, & most of large intestine (same as SMA tibutaries)
receives right gastro-omental & inf. pancreaticoduodenal veins

32
Q

inferior mesenteric vein

A

drains hindgut, (same as IMA tributaries)
left colic, sigmoidal, sup rectal (not middle +inf. rectal)
drains into splenic vein, but sometime directly into hepatic portal vein.

33
Q

small tributaries

A

draining directly into portal vein (close to liver)
paraumbilical veins: associated with obliterated, umbilical veins, connected to anterior abdominal wall
right& left gastric veins: drain small curvature of stomach & abdominal portion of esophagus
cystic vein: drains gall bladder

34
Q

portosystemic anastomosis

A

hepatic portal system drains abdominal visceral organs to liver
if high portal vein pressure (cirrhosis), less blood flows to the liver, but drains into systemic circulation through portosystemic anastomos

35
Q

portosystemic anastomosis (different junction)

A

gastroesophageal junction: esophageal veins from left gastric vein –> azygos
reflux into esophageal veins = esophageal varice
anorectal junction: sup rectal veins –> middle & inf. rectal from internal iliac veins
causing: hemorrhoids
umbilicus: para-umbilical veins–> ant. abdominal wall
causing caput medusae

36
Q

sympathetic system

A

arise from spinal cord of thoracic & lumbar level (T1-L2)
preganglionic fibres leave the spine with spinal nerve of corresponding level
enter sympathetic trunk
the use 3 different options to reach a sympathetic ganglion

37
Q

2 groups of sympathetic ganglia:

A

sympathetic trunk: located on each side of the spine
are connected forming a chain
prevertebral ganglion: ganglion located in regard of main branches from the aorta
-coeliac
-SM
-IM
aorticorenal

38
Q

prevertebral ganglia & plexus

A

organization of cell bodies of postsynaptic neurons
celiac: (2) associated with celiac trunk
superior mesenteric
inferior mesenteric
aorticorenal

39
Q

thoracic splanchnic

A

pass from sympathetic trunk in thorax to prevertebral plexus & ganglia
pass through diaphragm crura
greater splanchnic nerve: T5-T9- celiac ganglion associated with celiac trunk
lesser splanchnic nerve: T10-T11–> to aorticorenal ganglion
least splanchnic nerve: T12
renal plexus

40
Q

parasympathetic system

A

from brainstem and sacral spinal cord
from brain stem: 3,7, 9,10

sacral spinal nerve: S2,3,4
form pelvic splanchnic nerve
contribute to autonomic plexus in pelvis, abdomen

terminal synapse in parasympathetic ganglion that is always located near/ in the target organ

41
Q

splanchnic nerves

A

visceral nerves carrying fibers of the autonomic nervous system

42
Q

vagal trunks

A

reach celiac and superior mesenteric regions

parasympathetic innervation to foregut& midgut

43
Q

pelvic splanchnics

A 
enters inferior hypogastric plexus
ascend through hypogastric nerve
reach inferior mesnteric region
(sup. hypogastric plexus & aortic plexus) 
parasympathetic innervation to hindgut
44
Q

abdominal prevertebral plexus

A

collection of nerve fibres surrounding aorta & branches
fibres from:
sympathetic (postganglionic) &prevertebral ganglia
parasympathetic (preganglionic)

45
Q

celiac plexus

A

celiac: nerve fibres related to celiac tunk and SMA
parasympathetic: vagal trunk
sympathetic: greater & lesser splanchnic
celiac + sup. mesenteric + aorticorenal ganglia

46
Q

aortic plexus

A

nerve fibres of ant. surface of abd. aorta, from SMA to aortic bifurcation

parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic
sympathetic: lumbar splanchnics
inf. mesenteric ganglion

47
Q

superior hypogastric plexus

A

below aortic bifurcation

connected to inferior hypogastric plexus via hypogastic nerve

ANAT 214 (10 decks)

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