Intro of Pelvis Flashcards
false (greater pelvis)
superior aspect of pelvic bone& lower vertebra
part of abdominal cavity
true (lesser) pelvic
inf. region of pelvic bone, sacrum, coccyx
has an inlet & outlet
forms pelvic cavity
continuous with abdominal cavity
oulet of pelvic cavity
closed by pelvic floor
separates pelvic cavity to perineum below
perineum
describe sup and inf border
what does it contain
diamond shaped region between pelvic floor and thighs
contains external genitalia, opening for genitourinary & GI system
pelvic bone
composed of what parts
ilium: articulate with sacrum (sacroilliac joint
pubis: form by 2 rami (sup&inf) form by pubic symphysis & obturator foramen
ischium: forms the sit bone
acetabulum
suture in pelvic bone that will fuse illium, pubis, ischium at 16-18 years of age
illiac wing
concave anteriorly, forms illiac fossa
iliac crest
superior edge of iliac wing
anterior sup. iliac spine (ASIS)
ant. end of illiac crest
posterior sup. iliac spine
post end of iliac crest
acruate& pectineal lines
bisects ilium&pubic regions respectively
ischial spine
posterior bony projection
separates greater & lesser ciatic notches
ichial tuberosity
large swelling posterioinferiorly
obturator foramen
between pubic rami
closed by obturator membrane
sacrum
5 sacral vertebrae between fused vertebrae: sacral foramina base articulates with L5 apex: coccyx lateral surfaces articulate with pelvic bone- forming pelvic girdle
coccyx
small terminal part of vetebral column formed by fusion of 4 vetebrae
base articulates with sacrum
true pelvis
cylindrical channel
composed of inlet, wall and outlet
pelvic inlet
opening between abdominal & pelvic cavities
completely surrounded by bone & joints
Borders of pelvic inlet
upper border of true pelvis
composed of:
promontory (1st sacral) vertebra)
sacral transverse proccesses: alae (wings)
linea terminalis: bony rim on pelvic bone
arcuate line: rim on ilium region
pectineal line: rim on pubic region
pubic crest: sup. aspect of pubic symphysis
pelvic girdle
pelvic bone sacrum
female pubic arch and pelvic inlet
obtuse angle (80-85) inlet more circular
male pubic arch and pelvic inlet
angle between index & middle finger, acute
pelvic inlet more heart-shaped
pelvic wall muscles
orginate from pelvic cavity but attached to femur
obturator internus/ piriformis
obturator internus
flat fan-shaped orginating from deep surface of obturator membrane and perpheriry of foramen
contributes to anterolateral pelvic wall
leaves pelvic cavity through lesser sciatic foramen
bend around ischium to reach femur
piriformis
from anterior surface of sacrum
contributes to posterior pelvic wall
leaving pelvic cavity through greater sciatic foramen
divides greater sciatic foramen: one above and other below muscle
obturator canal
oening in obturator membrane covering the obturator foramen
greater sciatic foramen
greater foramen
piriformis divides the space in 2: one sup/ other inferior
lesser sciatic foramen
lesser sciatic foramen
closed by sacrospinous lig & sacrotuberous lig.
pelvic outlet:
inferior opening of true pelvis
closed by pelvic floor
anterior: inf. bony border of pubis to ischial tuberosity
posterior: sacrotuberous ligament
pelvic floor
formed by pelvic diaphragm (muscles) perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch
pelvic diaphragm
muscular part of pelvic floor
2 muscles: levator ani & coccygeus
levator ani: purpose attach to where describe the inferior part split into 3 components called?
one on each side
support viscera & maintain closer of rectum and vagina
originate from pelvic wall:
pubic bone
tendinous arch over obturator internus
ischial spine
left and right join posterior to vagina and surround anal spincter
ant. U shaped opening: urogenital hiatus (urethra & vagina)
split into illiococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis
coccygeus
one on each side
overlies the sacrospinous ligament
perineal membrane
attach to where
purpose
thick triangular fascial structure attached to pubic bones
posterior edge is free
inserting on the midline to perineal body
overaching the urogenital hiatus
provide attachment for external genitalia
perineal body
central tendon of perineum
connective tissue structure into which muscles of the pelvic floor & perineum attach
rectum
most posterior element of pelvic viscera
follow the concave contour of sacrum
the anorectal junction (where anal canal starts is pulled forward by levator ani (puborectalis)
closes anal canal with 90 angle
moves posterior once it (rectum) passes through pelvic floor
defecation
intra-abdominal pressure increase
pubrectalis relaxes–> anorectal junction is straightening (140%)
relaxation of internal (involuntary) and external (voluntary) anal sphincter
bladder
most anterior element of the pelvic viscera
empty: entirely contained in pelvic cavity
full: expands up to abdominal cavity
apex directed towards pubic symphysis
median umbilical lig. suspend it to ant. abdominal wall
base: inverted triangle
2 ureters enter bladder to each postero superior corners
urethra drains from the lower corner at the neck of the bladder
between openings muscosa is smooth, forming the trigone
rest of mucosa is folded
trigone
smooth part of mucosa that’s between opening (2 ureter and urethra)
