Intro of Pelvis

Question 1

false (greater pelvis)

Answer 1

superior aspect of pelvic bone& lower vertebra

part of abdominal cavity

Question 2

true (lesser) pelvic

Answer 2

inf. region of pelvic bone, sacrum, coccyx
has an inlet & outlet
forms pelvic cavity
continuous with abdominal cavity

Question 3

oulet of pelvic cavity

Answer 3

closed by pelvic floor

separates pelvic cavity to perineum below

Question 4

perineum
describe sup and inf border
what does it contain

Answer 4

diamond shaped region between pelvic floor and thighs

contains external genitalia, opening for genitourinary & GI system

Question 5

pelvic bone

composed of what parts

Answer 5

ilium: articulate with sacrum (sacroilliac joint
pubis: form by 2 rami (sup&inf) form by pubic symphysis & obturator foramen
ischium: forms the sit bone

Question 6

acetabulum

Answer 6

suture in pelvic bone that will fuse illium, pubis, ischium at 16-18 years of age

Question 7

illiac wing

Answer 7

concave anteriorly, forms illiac fossa

Question 8

iliac crest

Answer 8

superior edge of iliac wing

Question 9

anterior sup. iliac spine (ASIS)

Answer 9

ant. end of illiac crest

Question 10

posterior sup. iliac spine

Answer 10

post end of iliac crest

Question 11

acruate& pectineal lines

Answer 11

bisects ilium&pubic regions respectively

Question 12

ischial spine

Answer 12

posterior bony projection

separates greater & lesser ciatic notches

Question 13

ichial tuberosity

Answer 13

large swelling posterioinferiorly

Question 14

obturator foramen

Answer 14

between pubic rami

closed by obturator membrane

Question 15

sacrum

Answer 15

5 sacral vertebrae
between fused vertebrae: sacral foramina
base articulates with L5 
apex: coccyx 
lateral surfaces articulate with pelvic bone- forming pelvic girdle

Question 16

coccyx

Answer 16

small terminal part of vetebral column formed by fusion of 4 vetebrae
base articulates with sacrum

Question 17

true pelvis

Answer 17

cylindrical channel

composed of inlet, wall and outlet

Question 18

pelvic inlet

Answer 18

opening between abdominal & pelvic cavities

completely surrounded by bone & joints

Question 19

Borders of pelvic inlet

Answer 19

upper border of true pelvis
composed of:
promontory (1st sacral) vertebra)
sacral transverse proccesses: alae (wings)
linea terminalis: bony rim on pelvic bone
arcuate line: rim on ilium region
pectineal line: rim on pubic region
pubic crest: sup. aspect of pubic symphysis

Question 20

pelvic girdle

Answer 20

pelvic bone sacrum

Question 21

female pubic arch and pelvic inlet

Answer 21

obtuse angle (80-85) 
inlet more circular

Question 22

male pubic arch and pelvic inlet

Answer 22

angle between index & middle finger, acute

pelvic inlet more heart-shaped

Question 23

pelvic wall muscles

Answer 23

orginate from pelvic cavity but attached to femur

obturator internus/ piriformis

Question 24

obturator internus

Answer 24

flat fan-shaped orginating from deep surface of obturator membrane and perpheriry of foramen
contributes to anterolateral pelvic wall
leaves pelvic cavity through lesser sciatic foramen
bend around ischium to reach femur

Question 25

piriformis

Answer 25

from anterior surface of sacrum
contributes to posterior pelvic wall
leaving pelvic cavity through greater sciatic foramen
divides greater sciatic foramen: one above and other below muscle

Question 26

obturator canal

Answer 26

oening in obturator membrane covering the obturator foramen

Question 27

greater sciatic foramen

Answer 27

greater foramen

piriformis divides the space in 2: one sup/ other inferior

Question 28

lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 28

lesser sciatic foramen

closed by sacrospinous lig & sacrotuberous lig.

Question 29

pelvic outlet:

Answer 29

inferior opening of true pelvis
closed by pelvic floor
anterior: inf. bony border of pubis to ischial tuberosity
posterior: sacrotuberous ligament

Question 30

pelvic floor

Answer 30

formed by pelvic diaphragm (muscles) perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch

Question 31

pelvic diaphragm

Answer 31

muscular part of pelvic floor

2 muscles: levator ani & coccygeus

Question 32

levator ani:
purpose
attach to where 
describe the inferior part
split into 3 components called?

Answer 32

one on each side
support viscera & maintain closer of rectum and vagina
originate from pelvic wall:
pubic bone
tendinous arch over obturator internus
ischial spine
left and right join posterior to vagina and surround anal spincter
ant. U shaped opening: urogenital hiatus (urethra & vagina)
split into illiococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis

Question 33

coccygeus

Answer 33

one on each side

overlies the sacrospinous ligament

Question 34

perineal membrane
attach to where
purpose

Answer 34

thick triangular fascial structure attached to pubic bones
posterior edge is free
inserting on the midline to perineal body
overaching the urogenital hiatus
provide attachment for external genitalia

Question 35

perineal body

Answer 35

central tendon of perineum

connective tissue structure into which muscles of the pelvic floor & perineum attach

Question 36

rectum

Answer 36

most posterior element of pelvic viscera
follow the concave contour of sacrum
the anorectal junction (where anal canal starts is pulled forward by levator ani (puborectalis)
closes anal canal with 90 angle
moves posterior once it (rectum) passes through pelvic floor

Question 37

defecation

Answer 37

intra-abdominal pressure increase
pubrectalis relaxes–> anorectal junction is straightening (140%)
relaxation of internal (involuntary) and external (voluntary) anal sphincter

Question 38

bladder

Answer 38

most anterior element of the pelvic viscera
empty: entirely contained in pelvic cavity
full: expands up to abdominal cavity
apex directed towards pubic symphysis
median umbilical lig. suspend it to ant. abdominal wall
base: inverted triangle
2 ureters enter bladder to each postero superior corners
urethra drains from the lower corner at the neck of the bladder
between openings muscosa is smooth, forming the trigone
rest of mucosa is folded

Question 39

trigone

Answer 39

smooth part of mucosa that’s between opening (2 ureter and urethra)