Female reproductive system Flashcards
ovary: description and suspension
almond shaped organ
suspended by mesentery: mesovarium (part of broad ligament)
ovary: embryological
originally develop high on posterior abdominal wall
descend before birth to the pelvic cavity
lie on the lateral wall, inferior to pelvic inlet
during descent bring nerve blood supply, drainage
ovary: role
oogenesis
egg are ovulated towards opening of fallopian tube
ovary are intra or retro peritoneal?
both intra and retro peritoneal
superior: intra
inferior: retroperitoneal
ligament of ovary
inferior pol of ovary is attached to superolateral corner of uterus
suspensory ligament of ovary
peritoneal fold covering vessels (ovarian vessels) & nerve from abdominal wall to superior pole of ovary
fallopian tube: description and role
paired muscular tubes
extend from superolateral corners of uterus
role: site of egg fertilization
transmit ova from ovary and sperm from uterine cavity
fallopian tube: components
infundibulum: trumpet shaped terminal part, open to peritoneal cavity next to ovary
fimbriae: fringe of tissue around ostium of F. tube
amppulla: widest part- site of fertilization
isthmus: narrowest part before uterus
uterine part: segment that passes through uterine wall
extrauterine implantation
ectopic pregnancy
tubal pregnancy and abdominal pregnancy
regular implantation site
uterine endometrium (superior part of uterus
tubal pregnancy
in uterine tube in ampulla or isthmus
abdominal pain and tenderness due to distension of tube, abnormal bleeding and peritonitis
abdominal pregnancy
on fimbriae, could be released in peritoneal cavity
will implant on rectouterine pouch
maybe continue to full term and baby can be delivered by laparotomy
uterus
pearshaped musclar organ center of pelvis between bladder and rectum role: site of fertilized eff and implantation site of development of embryo parturition of fetus
uterus components
body: fundus: round superior end where uterine tubes open to uterine cavity
isthmus: narrow inferior segment
extends into cervix
cervix: short cylinder
central chanal cervical canal
supravaginal part: above vagina
vaginal part: protrudes into the upper vagina
uterine cavity
uterine cavity
narrow space within uterine body within uterine body
communicates with lumen of fallopian tubes
vaginal internal os and external os
cervix changes after birth
from nulliparous to multiparous
vagina: description and role
distensible fibromuscular tube from vulva to cervix
length varies, enlarges during sexual arousal
anteriorly bladder and urethra
posteriorly rectum
role: copulatory organ in women
vagina component
vaginal canal: lumen of vagina
normal collapse
internal end of canal enlarged vaginal vault
vaginal vault: receive semen during intercours
sper make their way through external os, cervical canal, internal canal, uterine cavity, F tube, ampulla
speculum is needed to open a vaginal canal to examine the vaginal cervix
angles of uterus/cervix/vagina
uterus: mobile, change position, bladder, rectum
flexion: angle between uterine body & isthmus
body of uterus is normally anteflexed on the cervix
over the bladfer
version: angle between cervical canal & vagina
cervix: normally angled forward on the vagina
cervix projects into the upper anterior aspect of vaginal vault
vagina: superior and posteriorly oriented
60d to horizon and 45d to uterus
peritoneum
draps over bladder over bladder and body of uterus, rectum and post. supravaginal part of cervix
double fold on each side of uterus: broad ligament
form pouches
fold over uterosacral ligament
form recto uterine fold
vesico-uterine pouch
anterior, between bladder and uterus
recto-uterine pouch
between uterus and rectum
lowest part of peritoneal cavity
ligament of female of pelvic cavity
uterus/ vagina complex is supported by pelvic floor
maintain uterus
round ligament of uterus
superolateral corners of uterus, iguinal canal to labia majora
maintain anteversion of uterus
uterine ligament
from cervix to pelvic wall
split into 3
transverse cervical ligament (cardinal) cervix to lateral pelvic wall
protect uterine vessel + maintain central postion
puboecervical: pubic bone to cervix
uterosacral: sacrum to cervix
maint central position
broad ligament
double folds of peritoneum extending on each side of uterus to lateral wall
mesosalphinx: F tube
mesovarium: ovary
mesometrium: uterine body and lateral side of pelvis
vulva
external female genitalia structure
erectile tissue associated muscles, accessory gland
erectile tissue
2 corpora cavernosa
2 bulbs of the vestibule
bulbs of the vestibule
on each side of vaginal opening
firmly anchored to perineal membrane
join ant. on midline: glans of clitoris
homologous in male: corpus spongiosum
corpora cavernosa
crura: proximal part of corpora cavernosa attached to pubic arch
body of clitoris: formed by the free part of corpora cavernosa
skeletal muscles: ischiocavernosus
ischiocavernosus: cover cura of anchored to ischial tuberosity and pubic arch
roles: forces blood from crura into body clitoris for erection
skeletal muscle: bulbospongiosus
cover the bulb of the vestibule
anchored to perineal body and perineal membrane
role: forces blood into distal region of clitoris
innervation skeletal muscle
pudendal nerve S2-S4
greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s)
small pea shaped muscous glands
posterior to the bulbs of the vestibule in labia majora
located superficial to the perineal membrane
duct opens into vestibule & posterolateral aspect of vagina
role: lubricate vestibule during sexual arousal
homologous in male: bulbo- urethral glands
para-urethral glands (Skene’s)
small glands on each side of the urethra
duct drains into the urethra
role: lubricate vestibule & labia during sexual arousal
female ejaculation
homologous to prostate
labia majora:
most external 2 broad skin& fatty folds
unite anteriorly to form mons of pubis (Venus)
fatty tissue found over the pubic symphysis
labia minora
2 delicate hairless skin fold found inside the labia majora
clitoris
is located at ant junction of labia minora
vulval vestibule
region between 2 labia minora
contains urethral and vaginal orifices and accessory glands
