Intro to abdomen

Question 1

Abdomen: Overview/Borders

Answer 1

region of trunk between thorax and pelvis
borders:
superior–> inferior thoracic aperture (closed by diaphragm
inferior: pelvic inlet
abdominal wall: muscle and bones
abdominal cavity: GI, splee, urinary system
lined by peritoneum

Question 2

Abdominal wall: Bones

Answer 2

bones:
5 lumbar vertebrae
superior region of pelvis bone
thorax: costal margin, rib 11,12 and xiphoid process

Question 3

Abdominal wall: Fascia

Answer 3

superficial fascia: under skin/ fatty layer- Camper’s

transversalis fascia: deep to abdominal muscles

Question 4

Abdominal wall: Muscle

Answer 4

posterior: quadratus lumborum, psoas, illacus
Lat: abdominal muscle: external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis
Ant: rectus abdominis incased in rectus sheath

Question 5

Rectus Sheath

Answer 5

tendinous sheath formed by layering of ext. int obliques & transversus abdo. aponeuroses 
distribution of tendons: 
above acruate line: 
Anterior aspect: external+ 1/2 of internal
Posterior: 1/2 internal+ transversus 
below acruate (midway between umbillicus+pubic symphysis) 
all aponeuroses move anteriorly to rectus abdominis 
transition form an arch--> acruate line

Question 6

Renal fascia in order

Answer 6

Posterior abdominal wall muscle
Transversalis fascia
Pararenal fat (paranephric fat): fat posterior and lateral to kidney
Renal Fascia (Gerota’s): membranous fat condensation, surrounds each kidney + suprarenal gland, enclosing perirenal fat
perirenal fat: extraperitoneal fat
fibrous renal capsule: completely invest kidneys

Question 7

Peritoneum

Answer 7

parietal: lines abdominal wall
visceral: covers organs
space between: peritoneal cavity
mesentery: parietal reflect

Question 8

neurovasculature of abdominal wall

Answer 8

skin, abdominal muscles, parietal peritoneum: intercostal nerve T7-11, subcostal T12&L1, umbilical T10, diaphragmatic perioneum (phrenic nerve)
Viseral peritoneum: visceral afferent, referred pain

Question 9

arterial supply

Answer 9

from internal thoracic:
musculophrenic: along costal margin
superior epigastric: travels post to rectus abdominis

from external iliaque:
inferior epigastric: travels post. to rectus abdominis, will anastomoses with sup. epigastric art.

Question 10

adominal viscera

Answer 10

intraperitonal: suspended in peritoneal cavity

retroperitoneal organs: out side of peritoneal cavity

Question 11

omenta

Answer 11

double layer of peritoneum
from stomach to duodenum
greater and lesser

Question 12

mesenteries

Answer 12

perioneal folds attaching viscera to post. abdominal wall
allow movement/conduit for neuvasculature
mesentery: small intestine
transverse mesocolon: transverse colon
sigmoid mesocolon: sigmoid colon

Question 13

peritoneal ligament

Answer 13

double layer of peritoneum connecting organs to each other/body wall

Question 14

greater omentum

Answer 14

large apron like peritoneal fold

greater curvature of stomach- drapes over tranverse colon then insert back up on transverse colon

Question 15

lesser omentum

Answer 15

lesser curvature of stomach + 1st portion of duodenum to visceral surface of liver
thicker portion from liver to duodenum: hepatoduodenal ligament for structure to porta hepatis