Neurotransmitters & Neuromodulators

Question 1

What items should be covered to study neurotransmitter

Answer 1

1) biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter
2) storage in the synaptic vesicles
3) release by the nerve impulses into the synaptic cleft
4) released transmitter interacts with its specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane
5) secreted neurotransmitter will be rapidly removed from the synaptic cleft

Question 2

Define neuromodulators

Answer 2

Chemicals released by neurons that have little orno direct effects on their own but can modify the effects of neurotransmitters

Question 3

Into what two major categories can the identified neurotransmitters and neuromodulators be divided into?

Answer 3

Small-molecule transmitters, large-molecule transmitters

Question 4

What does small- molecule transmitters include?

Answer 4

Monoamines → acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine
Catecholamines → dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
Amino acids → glutamate, GABA, glycine

Question 5

What does the large- molecule transmitters include?

Answer 5

Substance p, enkephalin, vasopressin