Neurotransmitters & Neuroendicrinology Flashcards
“Feel good” pathways
Movement, coordination, judgement, release of prolactin
Dopamine (D2)
Fight or flight
Mood, cognition, perception, motion, cardiovascular function, sleep, arousal
Norepinephrine (NE)
“Excitatory” neurotransmitter
Sleep, arousal, libido, appetite, mood, aggression, pain, coordination
Serotonin (5-HT)
Wakefulness, pain, inflammation
Histamine
↑Mania, anxiety, schizophrenia, addiction
↓ Parkinson’s disease, depression, ADHD
Dopamine (D2)
↑Mania, anxiety, schizophrenia
↓Depression, ADHD
Norepinephrine (NE)
↑Anxiety
↓ Depression, anxiety
Serotonin (5-HT)
↑Sleep disorders, anxiety, Alzheimer’s disease, psychosis
↓Depression
Histamine
Synaptic communication
Parasympathetic system
Sleep, arousal, pain, movement, memory, attention
Acetylcholine (ACh)
(Cholinergic)
Inhibitory
Slow down body activity, reduces activity in neurons
Gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)
(Amino Acid)
Communicate sensory information
Glutamate
(Amino Acid)
↑Depression
↓Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease
Acetylcholine (ACh)
(Cholinergic)
↑Toxic levels - encephalopathy
↓Huntington’s disease, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and forms of epilepsy
Gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)
(Amino Acid)
↑Huntington’s disease, forms of epilepsy, anxiety, depression
↓ Schizophrenia
Glutamate
(Amino Acid)
Conserves water balance and maintains blood pressure
Antidiuretic hormone
“Social hormone”
Bonds mothers and infants
Oxytocin
Stimulate secretion of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Stress hormone
Cortisol
Polydipsia
Modified sleep patterns
Altered pain responses
Antidiuretic hormone
Drugs such as MDMA ↑ ______
Oxytocin
↑ levels of T3 and T4 – insomnia, anxiety, emotional lability
↓ levels of T3 and T4 – fatigue, depression
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Chronic levels of ↑ _____ put persons at risk of mental illness such as schizophrenia
Cortisol
