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69:273 Psychopathology > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

Schizophrenia & Related Disorders

1
Q

Prior to the _______ mental disabilities were often described in one category which included intellectual delay, mental illness, and organic brain disorders.

A

1800’s

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2
Q

Early _____ - Start of division of mental illness into cognitive – affective – behavioural domains

A

1800

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3
Q

1897 - Emil Kraepelin coined the term _______

A

dementia praecox

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4
Q

1911 - Eugen Bleuler coined the term __________, and positive and negative symptoms

A

schizophrenia

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5
Q

1959 - Kurt Schneider developed his concept schneiderian symptoms of schizophrenia
Become the foundation of the ______

A

DSM II

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6
Q

Audible thoughts
Experience of influences controlling the body
Thought broadcasting
Thought withdrawal
Thought insertion
Delusional perception

A

Scheiderian symptoms

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7
Q

appears to be the strong predictor in development of schizophrenia

A

Genetics (family history)

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8
Q

is not solely responsible in ½ of the cases of identical twins only one twin will experience schizophrenia

A

Genetics

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9
Q

Prenatal exposure to influenza
Prenatal exposure to lead
Prenatal exposure to toxoplasma gondii
Obstetrical complications

A

Prenatal and Perinatal factors

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10
Q

Predispositions and vulnerabilities for schizophrenia (diatheses)
People’s vulnerabilities must interact with life stresses to trigger the onset of the illness
Vulnerability + Stress

A

Diathesis-stress models

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11
Q

_______ can include:
Trauma
Virus
Prenatal and perinatal complications
Substance use

A

Diathesis-stress models: Stressors

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12
Q

Good evidence to show that ______ can trigger schizophrenia, cause relapse, and worsen symptoms.

A

stress

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13
Q

3 neurotransmitters schizophrenia

A

Dopamine hypothesis
Glutamate hypothesis
Serotonin hypothesis

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14
Q

Reduced grey matter
Low activation of frontal cortex
Ventricle enlargement
Hippocampal atrophy

A

Neurological changes: Schizophrenia

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15
Q

Schizophrenia
Schizophreniform Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A

DSM 5 – Schizophrenia Spectrum

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16
Q

Delusions
Hallucinations

A

Positive Symptoms

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17
Q

Distortions or exaggerations in language and communication
Disorganized speech
Disorganized behavior

A

Cognitive Symptoms

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18
Q

Affective flattening
Avolition
Alogia
Anhedonia
Asociality
Anosognosia
Apathy
Catatonia

A

Negative Symptoms

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19
Q

significant or severe lack of motivation or a pronounced inability to complete purposeful tasks

A

Avolition

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20
Q

symptom that causes you to speak less, say fewer words or only speak in response to others

A

Alogia

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21
Q

lack of interest, enjoyment or pleasure from life’s experiences

A

Anhedonia

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22
Q

lack of motivation to engage in social interaction, or a preference for solitary activities

A

Asociality

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23
Q

a neurological condition in which the patient is unaware of their neurological deficit or psychiatric condition

A

Anosognosia

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24
Q

lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern

A

Apathy

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25
Q

a lack of movement and communication, and also can include agitation, confusion

A

Catatonia

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26
Q

Being spied on by someone who means harm or who is part of a conspiracy. Being followed or tracked. Being lied to or given misinformation.

A

Delusion: Persecutory/paranoid

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27
Q

refers to the mistaken belief that ordinary events and normal human behavior have hidden meanings that somehow relate to the individual experiencing the delusions

A

Delusion: Referential

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28
Q

are unfounded or inaccurate beliefs that one has special powers, wealth, mission, or identity

A

Delusion: Grandiose

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29
Q

an individual believes that another person, usually of higher status, is in love with them

A

Delusion: Erotomanic

30
Q

belief of being dead, decomposed or annihilated, having lost one’s own internal organs or even not existing entirely as a human being

A

Delusion: Nihilistic

31
Q

the individual believes something is wrong with part or all of their body

A

Delusion: Somatic

31
Q

“I am god”

A

Delusion: Religious

32
Q

something that could never happen in real life, such as being cloned by aliens or having your thoughts broadcast on TV

A

Delusion: Bizarre

32
Q

individual has a delusional belief that their spouse (or sexual partner) is being unfaithful w/ no evidence

A

Delusion: Jealous

33
Q

he belief that a person can control others with their thoughts, or that they have godlike powers

A

Delusion: Magical thinking

34
Q

Thought insertion
Thought broadcasting
Thought withdrawal

A

Delusions of control

35
Q

involves somehow experiencing one’s own thoughts as someone else’s

A

Thought insertion

36
Q

Delusion that one’s thought is projected and perceived by others

A

Thought broadcasting

37
Q

the delusional belief that thoughts have been ‘taken out’ of the patient’s mind, and the patient has no power over this

A

Thought withdrawal

38
Q

lack of logical relationship between thoughts and ideas – conversation shifts from one topic to another in unrelated manner

A

Loose associations

39
Q

takes a long time to make a point – excessive detail

A

Circumstantiality

40
Q

speaker does not return to central point

A

Tangentiality

41
Q

pause or interruption in train of thought (paucity of thought)

A

Thought blocking

42
Q

creation of new words

A

Neologisms

43
Q

rapid verbalization, jumping from one topic to another

A

Flight of ideas

44
Q

incoherent mixture of words

A

Word salad

45
Q

focused on a specific topic, returns to the topic even after topic has changed

A

Perseveration

46
Q

use of words or phrases that have similar sounds (hell, bell, sell, well, swell) – not associated in meaning

A

Clang association

47
Q

echoing the words and statements used by others

A

Echolalia

48
Q

Psychomotor agitation
Psychomotor retardation
May not be goal directed and leads to difficulty preforming activities of daily living

A

Cognitive Symptoms: Disorganized Behaviours

49
Q

______ and ________ can both refer to either motor symptoms or psychic symptoms.

A

Agitation; retardation

50
Q

internally agitated

A

Psychic agitation

51
Q

pacing etc

A

Motoric agitation

52
Q

internal feeling of being slowed down

A

Psychic retardation

53
Q

slowed movements

A

Motoric retardation

54
Q

Combination of cognitive, affective and motor symptoms

A

Catatonic symptoms

55
Q

Stupor
Catalepsy
Waxy flexibility
Mutism
Negativism
Posturing
Mannerism
Stereotypy
Agitation
Grimacing
Echolalia
Echopraxia

A

Negative Symptoms: Catatonia

56
Q

a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility.

A

Stupor

57
Q

a medical condition characterized by a trance or seizure with a loss of sensation and consciousness accompanied by rigidity of the body

A

Catalepsy

58
Q

patient’s body showing resistance to being moved

A

Waxy flexibility

59
Q

an inability or unwillingness to speak, resulting in the absence or marked paucity of verbal output

A

Mutism

60
Q

little or no response to instructions or external stimuli

A

Negativism

61
Q

actively holding a posture against gravity

A

Posturing

62
Q

carrying out odd, exaggerated actions

A

Mannerism

63
Q

repetitive movements without an apparent reason

A

Stereotypy

64
Q

holding the same facial expression, usually with stiff or tense facial muscles

A

Grimacing

65
Q

involuntary repetition or imitation of another person’s actions

A

Echopraxia

66
Q

Criterion A: Presence of one or more delusions for one month or more
Criterion B: Has never met Criterion for schizophrenia
Criterion C: Functioning not markedly impaired & behaviour not obviously odd, mental status & social functioning intact (outside of direct impact of delusion).
Criterion D: Any mood disorders are brief compared with total duration of delusional period
Criterion E: Not better accounted for by substances or general medical condition

A

Types of delusional disorders

67
Q

May appear fairly sudden to others but symptoms often begin to slowly develop over six months to a year
Prodromal Stage
- Changes in personality
- Withdrawal
- Dropping out of normal activities

A

Onset of Schizophrenia

68
Q
A

69:273 Psychopathology (7 decks)

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