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69:273 Psychopathology > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Animal models
Genetics and Epigenetics
Identifying risk factors

A

Biological basis of behavior

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2
Q

A psychiatric nurse must be able to make a connection between:
1. Individual’s psychiatric symptoms
2. Alterations in brain function linked to symptoms
3. Rational for treatment and care
4. Client experiences and choices

A

Biological basis and symptoms

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3
Q

Computed tomography (CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

Neuroimaging

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4
Q

Verbal language function
Temporal order & sequencing
Numeric symbols
Verbal learning & memory

A

Left Hemisphere

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5
Q

Receptive nonverbal language
Spatial orientation & recognition
Tone/pitch of speech & aspects of music
Facial recognition & facial expression of emotion

A

Right Hemisphere

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6
Q

Primary motor area
Broca’s area
Personality
Working memory
Executive functioning

A

Frontal Lobe

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7
Q

Somatosensory area
Speech and maintaining attention

A

Parietal Lobe

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8
Q

Primary auditory and olfactory areas
Wernicke’s area
Internal structures important in modulating mood and emotion

A

Temporal Lobe

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9
Q

Visual

A

Occipital Lobe

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10
Q

Hypothalamus, pituitary, and hippocampus all deal with basic drives, emotions, and memory
Hippocampus -> Memory processing
Amygdala -> Aggression (fight) and fear (flight)
Hypothalamus -> Hunger, thirst, body temperature, pressure: regulates pituitary gland (hormones)

A

The Limbic System

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11
Q

Integrates all sensory input (except smell)

A

Thalamus

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12
Q

Regulates appetite, temperature, blood pressure, thirst, and circadian rhythms

A

Hypothalamus

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13
Q

Emotional brain
Amygdala
Hippocampus

A

Limbic System

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14
Q

Problem solving
Creative thinking
Personality

A

Frontal Lobe

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15
Q

Memories

A

Temporal Lobe

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16
Q

Basic life functions

A

Brain Stem

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17
Q

Visual functions
Reading
Understanding language

A

Parietal Lobe

18
Q

Vision

A

Occipital Lobe

19
Q

Balance
Coordination
Motor learning

A

Cerebellum

20
Q

“Feel good” pathways
Movement, coordination, judgement, release of prolactin
↑Mania, anxiety, schizophrenia, addiction
↓ Parkinson’s disease, depression, ADHD

A

Dopamine (D2)

21
Q

Fight or flight
Mood, cognition, perception, motion, cardiovascular function, sleep, arousal
↑Mania, anxiety, schizophrenia
↓Depression, ADHD

A

Norepinephrine (NE)

22
Q

“Excitatory” neurotransmitter
Sleep, arousal, libido, appetite, mood, aggression, pain, coordination
↑Anxiety
↓ Depression, anxiety

A

Serotonin (5-HT)

23
Q

Wakefulness, pain, inflammation
↑Sleep disorders, anxiety, Alzheimer’s disease, psychosis
↓Depression

A

Histimine

24
Q

Synaptic communication
Parasympathetic system
Sleep, arousal, pain, movement, memory, attention
↑Depression
↓Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)
(Cholinergic)

25
Q

Inhibitory
Slow down body activity, reduces activity in neurons
↑Toxic levels - encephalopathy
↓Huntington’s disease, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and forms of epilepsy

A

Gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)
(Amino Acid)

26
Q

Communicate sensory information
↑Huntington’s disease, forms of epilepsy, anxiety, depression
↓ Schizophrenia

A

Glutamate
(Amino Acid)

27
Q

Psychoendocrinology
Psychoimmunology
Chronobiology
Trauma
Psychopharmacology
Functional Medicine

A

New fields of study

28
Q

Conserves water balance and maintains blood pressure

Altered levels of secretion:
Polydipsia
Modified sleep patterns
Altered pain responses

A

Antidiuretic hormone

29
Q

“Social hormone”
Bonds mothers and infants
Stress response
Drugs such as MDMA ↑ oxytocin

A

Oxytocin

30
Q

Stimulate secretion of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
↑ levels of T3 and T4 – insomnia, anxiety, emotional lability
↓ levels of T3 and T4 – fatigue, depression

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

31
Q

Stress hormone
Chronic levels of ↑ cortisol put persons at risk of mental illness such as schizophrenia

A

Cortisol

32
Q

Brain Injury
Seizure Disorder
Stroke
Tumor
Vitamin Deficiencies
Cardiopulmonary Disorders
Gastrointestinal
Infection

A

Medical Conditions of the Central Nervous System

33
Q

3 Types of Stigma

A

Self stigma
Social stigma
Provider based stigma

34
Q

based on societal practices, and norms that exclude and oppress groups of people, not individual impairments (Scullion, 2010).

A

Disability

35
Q

Places importance on physical, cognitive, emotional, and psychological impairments and other barriers that limit or prevent full participation in society (Furrie, 2018).

A

Social Model of Disability

36
Q

the study of the hormonal system to discover sites and processes that underlie and influence biological, behavioral, and psychological processes. It is often concerned with identifying biochemical abnormalities that may play a significant role in the development of mental disorders.

A

Psychoendocrinology

37
Q

used to describe the interactions between the emotional state, nervous system function, and the immune system.

A

Psychoneuroimmunology

38
Q

the study of biological rhythms. It examines the effects of time on biological events and internal biological clocks. Over the past few decades, chronobiology has developed into a multidisciplinary field of interest in general medicine and psychiatry

A

Chronobiology

39
Q

the study of substances that influence mental states. Such agents induce changes in mood, sensation, thinking, or behavior, and may be derived from plants or other natural sources or chemically synthesized in a laboratory.

A

Psychopharmacology

40
Q

a systems biology–based approach that focuses on identifying and addressing the root cause of disease. Each symptom or differential diagnosis may be one of many contributing to an individual’s illness.

A

Functional medicine

69:273 Psychopathology (7 decks)

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