Neurotransmitters and Neurotransmission-4 Flashcards
What is a co-transmitter
The release of multiple neurotransmitters from a single synapse
What are examples of cotransmitters
ATP, NPY, NO, Enkephalins
7 Steps of neurotransmission.
- Neurotransmitter Synthesis
- Stored in Vesicles
- Degradation of any leaked neurotransmitter (prevents cell death)
- Action potential dependant release (depolarisation caused by calcium channels)
- Neurotransmitter binds to postsynaptic receptors
- Neurotransmitter binds to presynaptic autoreceptors(acts like a handbrake)
- Neurotransmitter deactivated either by reuptake or degradation
What is exocytosis
The process of neurotransmitter being released from vesicles.
What is endocytosis
The process of excess neurotransmitter being reused.
How is acetylcholine cleaned up.
Stopped by degradation
how is noradrenaline removed when in excess.
Recycling of NA at pre-synapse
Mopped up at Post synapse.
What are examples of excitatory Neurotransmitters
Glutamate, Aspartate
What are examples of inhibitory Neurotransmitter
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and Glycine
What is the fucntion of an astrocyte.
A variation of a Glial cell that allows for the reuptake of neurotransmitter for example in Glutamate
What is another word for fast and slow transmission.
Fast-Ionotropic
Slow- Metabotropic
What is the excitation and inhibition balance.
Inhibition-Sleep
Coma
Death
Less Inhibition- Arousal
Epilepsy
Death
What are examples of neurotransmitters that are amines
Noradrenaline
Dopamine
Serotonin
What do autoreceptors do
Neurotransmitters that act on its own presynaptic terminal to reduce release
What do heterorecptors do
Neurotransmitter acting to modulate release other than its own ligand.
