Health Promotion and Public Health-13 Flashcards
What is public Health
“Refers to all organized measures (whether public or private) to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among the population as a whole.”
What are the 5 key areas of health promotion
Build healthy public policy
Create supportive environments for health
Strengthen community action for health
Develop personal skills
Re-orient health services
What are the predisposing factors of behaviour change?
Knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes based on life experiences, as well as gender, age, or socioeconomic background (etc.)
What are enabling factors of behaviour change.
Skills and abilities, available resources; can be positive or negative
What are reinforcing factors of behaviour change.
Presence or absence of support, encouragement or discouragement from those around you
What are the three public health domains.
Health promotion
Health Services
Health Improvement
What are some techniques for health improvements.
Lifestyle advice (nutrition, healthy living)
Targeted services to reduce smoking, improve diet, increase exercise, reduce risk of CHD
Signpost to services for housing, financial advice, health literacy (psycho-social aspects of health
What is the pharmacist’s role in health promotion?
Three basic strategies: empowering, mediating, advocating
- Understanding health conditions
- Managing conditions such as high blood pressure, asthma, diabetes
- Understanding medications
- Supporting medication adherence
- Developing and maintaining community relationships
What are models for health behaviour (Individual, Family, Community, National)
Individual- Biological Models, Motivation Theory.
Family/Friends- Social Learning theory
Community- Social Capital Theory
National/Society- Normative models.
What is the health belief model.
For a person to take action he/she must:
believe they are susceptible
believe the health problem is serious
believe that the advantages of taking action outweigh the disadvantages (can be financial; i.e., cost makes smoking prohibitive)
What is the 5 stages of change.
Pro-Contemplation
Contemplation
Decision
Action
Maintenance
What is Pre-Contemplation
Not seriously thinking about making a change in the health behaviour
If change is suggested, e.g. by friends or a doctor, it is likely to be dismissed as the person does not see it as a problem.
What is contemplation
Clothes are a bit tighter, constant chesty cough; this is the stage where the individual begins to see that maybe there is a problem.
Beginning to think about the behaviour.
What is preparation
Read up on the issue, advice from friends and family, turn to a health professional. Something needs to change but might not know what or how.
What is action
Set targets; a short walk four or five times a week, cutting 20 cigarettes a day down to 15. Small steps to get going, AND prepared to increase as time moves on and gain confidence.
What is maintenance
Trying not to slip back into old behaviours can be the hardest part BUT don’t beat yourself up if it happens
What is relapse
Start process again (and again, and again).
How is PPH shown in the community
Community pharmacists advise the public on safe use of medicines, treatment of minor ailments & healthy lifestyle choices
Promotion of health & well being
Prevention of illness
Identification of ill health
Maintenance of health for those with chronic (long term) conditions
What does PPH service aim to do
promote / advice on self-care
make use of windows/frontage and/or display space in pharmacies to promote health
provide access to appropriate health education information, materials and support
encourage a more pro-active approach to self-care and health promotion (participate in health living campaigns)
offer opportunistic interventions to promote health
provide a rolling programme of pharmacy-based health promotion activities
What are PPH Key services
Smoking cessation
Opportunistic brief advice
Participate in no-smoking campaigns
Provision of nicotine-replacement therapy (part of CP contract)
Substance misuse
Supervised consumption of methadone & other substitution therapies
Needle & syringe exchange schemes
Pro-active health information and advice
Immunisation
Identifying & referring patients
Offering clinical/floor space to other health professionals
Administration/dispensing of vaccines
Heart Disease, Strokes and Cancer
Info & advice on healthy lifestyles (risk factor monitoring & advice)
Participate in campaigns
Offer secondary prevention
Sexual Health
Provision of Emergency Hormonal Contraception (EHC)
Supply of condoms
Sexual health advice and screening; e.g. chlamydia advice, testing & treatment, AIDS awareness
Pregnancy (folic acid)
Obesity
Targeted information about nutrition and physical activity (diet)
