Neurotransmitters Flashcards
Acetylcholine as processed by what axons?
Efferent
When acetylcholine is released what is accomplished?
Muscle movement
What are the antichoragenic side effects?
Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t spit, can’t poop
Monoamines include what four neurotransmitters?
Norepinephrine, dopamine serotonin and histamine
What amino acid is later transformed into serotonin?
Tryptophan
Most neurotransmitters begin with what amino acid?
Tyrosine
Tyrosine is found in what foods?
Cheese, beef, chicken, peanuts, bananas, and avocados
Tryptophan is found in what foods?
Turkey, milk, eggs, fish, nuts, seeds, and yogurt
What neurotransmitter is used in arousal of fight or flight?
Norepinephrine
Low levels of norepinephrine can result in question mark
Depression
What do high levels of norepinephrine result in?
Mania, anxiety, and schizophrenia
What do low levels of acetylcholine result in?
Alzheimer’s disease
What do high levels of acetylcholine result in?
Depression
Neurotransmitter responsible for sensing pleasure, voluntary movements, attention, learning, and is stimulated by the hypothalamus
Dopamine
What results in low levels of dopamine
Parkinson, depression, tourette’s, ADHD
What results in high levels of dopamine
Mania, schizophrenia, and addictions
What neurotransmitter is found mostly in the GI tract
Serotonin
What does serotonin help regulate?
Mood, hunger, sleep and wake cycle, dreams
What results in low levels of serotonin?
Depression and anxiety
High levels of serotonin are associated with what?
Some anxiety States
What are the most frequently prescribed antidepressant medications?
SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Histamines help regulate what?
Wakefulness, pain sensations, and inflammatory response
Low histamine levels can cause
Depression
High levels of histamine can cause
Sleep disorders, anxiety, Alzheimer’s disease, and psychosis
Antihistamines can be used to help with blank and blank
Anxiety and aggressive behaviors
Neurotransmitter that helps offset the excitatory messages and regulate sleep wake cycle
GABA
What is the brain’s major inhibitory neurotransmitter?
GABA
Delays sensory information, regulates motor and spinal reflexes. Used and memory, learning, and movement
Glutamate
High levels of glutamate are associated with?
Seizures, anxiety disorder, and depression disorder
Opioid peptides include blank and blank
Endorphins and enkephalins
What causes pleasure and reduces stress?
Endorphins
plays a role in sensory transmission and regulates pain. Decreased levels in the basal ganglia are associated with Huntingdon disease. Elevated levels are seen in people with depression and PTSD
Substance p
this is also called the growth hormone. High levels are seen in Huntington disease and low levels are seen in Alzheimer’s disease. Both excitatory and inhibitory depending on location and the brain.
Somatostatin
