Neurotransmitters Flashcards
Role of glycine at NMDA receptor?
Obligate coagonist
Compound that increases muscle mass by increasing episodic secretion of growth hormone (GH)
Gamma hyroxybutyrate
Neurotransmitter system last to mature in CNS of children and adolescents
Cholinergic
Dopamine release in what structure represents common final event associated w/ reinforcing effects of opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, PCP, and alcohol?
Nucleus accumbens
Highest conc. Of serotonin producing cells in brain (where is serotonin produced)?
Raphe nuclei
Dopamine and __________ regulates reward circuitry
GABA
Area of the body w/ most serotonin?
GI tract
Neuroimaging study most useful in studying connectivity pathways?
Single photon emission CT scan
Neurotransmitter most associated w/ anxiety?
Norepinephrine
Where are the major clusters of cells making serotonin in the brain?
Raphe nuclei in brainstem
Positive, allosteric modulators of neurotransmitter-gated, multimeric ion channels do what?
Increase probability of opening in presence of a ligand
Which is a retrograde neurotransmitter?
Endocannabinoids
Neurohormone for social bonding
Oxytocin
Ach receptors in cerebral cortex are
Both inhibitory and excitatory
Prostaglandin D2 increases extra-cellular levels of
Adenosine
Neurotransmitter associated with reward & reinforcement in nicotine dependence
Dopamine
Which neurotransmitter is mainly inhibitory?
Glycine
Cell bodies of dopaminergic neurons reside in which area of brain?
Ventral tegmental area
Main mechanism of termination of synaptic activity of dopamine in PFC?
Diffusion (leaves area)
Opiates inhibit C-amp dependent protein phosphorylation in?
Locus ceruleus
Neurotransmitter which maintains consistent levels w/ age
Serotonin
Which neurotransmitters are reduced in quantity, uptake, and turnover in spasticitY?
Glycine & GABA (inhibitory transmitters)
The cognitive enhancement associated w/ experimental D-cycloserine tx in pt’s w/ schizophrenia has been attributed to enhancement of NMDA receptor activity by which neurotransmitter?
Glycine
Neurotransmitter responsible for rewarding drug abuse
Dopamine
Low CSF levels of this neurotransmitter metabolites associated w/ suicidality
5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA)
What is the 5HT3 receptor classification?
Ligand gated
Pain by neurogenic inflammation is mediated by?
Substance P
Decreased level of what neurotransmitter is most associated w/ depressed mood, poor sleep, and poor impulse control?
Serotonin
Psychiatric stress increases cortisol and prolonged cortisol is associated w/ bad outcomes.
Stress also affects other hormones.
Increase in which hormone is correlated with decreased PTSD severity, most likely d/t the hormone’s anti-glucocorticoid properties?
DHEA
