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neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

agonist

A

facilitates synaptic transmission; acts like a natural neurotransmitter

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2
Q

antagonist

A

block the action of a neurontrasmitter

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3
Q

two primary classes of neurotransmitters

A
  • small-molecule neurotransmitters
  • neuropeptides
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4
Q

acetylcholine excitatory at synapses

A

opens ligand gated cation channels

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5
Q

acetylcholine inhibitory at synapses

A

indirect effect on ion channels through receptors that like G protein

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6
Q

acetylcholine location

A

CNS and PNS

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7
Q

acetylcholine receptors

A
  • nicotinic Ach receptors
  • muscarinic Ach receptors
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8
Q

nicotinic

A
  • ligand gated, inotropic
  • nonselective cation channels
  • generate EPSPs
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9
Q

muscarinic

A
  • metabotropic
  • mediate effects of Ach in the brain
  • can be inhibitory or excitatory
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10
Q

acetylcholine main functions

A
  • muscle contraction
  • ANS and PSNS function
  • neuromodulation
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11
Q

associated disease

A

myasthenia gravis

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12
Q

acetylcholine drugs affecting NT

A
  • nicotine
  • botox
  • black widow spider venom
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13
Q

glutamate -/+

A

excitatory

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14
Q

glutamate location

A

CNS

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15
Q

glutamate receptors

A
  • AMPA receptors
  • NMDA receptors
  • kainate receptors
  • mGluRs
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16
Q

glutamate main functions

A
  • brain development
  • long term synaptic plasticity
  • learning and memory
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17
Q

glutamate diseases

A

glutamate excitotoxicity

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18
Q

glutamate drugs affecting NT

A
  • PCP
  • ketamine
  • hamenda
  • robitussin
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19
Q

acetylcholine removal

A

enzyme degradation

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20
Q

glutamate removal

A

excitatory amino acid transporters remove glutamate from synaptic cleft

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21
Q

GABA & glycine +/-

A

inhibitory

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22
Q

GABA & glycine location

A

CNS

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23
Q

GABA & glycine receptors

A
  • GABAa: inotropic, gated anion channels
  • GABAb: metabotropoic
  • glycine: ligand gated Cl channels
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24
Q

GABA & glycine main functions

A
  • brain development (excitatory)
  • IPSPs
  • decrease anxiety, alertness, and muscle tension
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25
Q

GABA & glycine diseases

A
  • B6 deficiency
  • epilepsy
  • hyperglycemia
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26
Q

GABA & glycine drugs affecting NT

A
  • alcohol
  • barbiturates
  • benzodiazepines
  • GBH
  • baclofen
  • neurosteroids
  • muscimol
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27
Q

GABA and glycine removal

A

GATs

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28
Q

dopamine +/-

A

both

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29
Q

dopamine location

30
Q

dopamine receptors

A

G-protein coupled receptors

31
Q

dopamine main functions

A
  • coordination of movement
  • motivation, reward, reinforcement
  • sympathetic function
32
Q

dopamine disease

A
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • schizophrenia
33
Q

dopamine drugs affecting NT

A
  • cocaine
  • MAOIs
  • haldol
  • amphetamine
  • Wellbutrin
  • tetrabenzme
  • levodopa
  • LSD
  • AMPT
34
Q

dopamine removal

35
Q

norepinephrine +/-

A

excitatory

36
Q

norepinephrine location

A

CNS and PNS

37
Q

norepinephrine receptors

A
  • alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
38
Q

norepinephrine main functions

A
  • sleep/wakefulness
  • attention
  • pain
  • arousal
  • feeding
39
Q

norepinephrine disease

A
  • anxiety/depression/PTSD
  • ADHD
40
Q

norepinephrine drugs affecting NT

A
  • amphetamine
  • tricyclic antidepressants
  • pseudophedrine
  • propranolol
  • cocaine
  • MAOIs
  • albuterol
  • clonidine
  • AMPT
  • SNRIs
  • LSD
  • Wellbutrin
  • phentolamine
41
Q

norepinephrine removal

42
Q

histamine +/-

A

excitatory

43
Q

histamine location

A

CNS and PNS

44
Q

histamine receptors

A

metabotropic receptors

45
Q

histamine main functions

A
  • wakefulness/arousal/attention
  • itchiness
  • vestibular reactivity
  • increase stomach acid
  • decrease hunger
  • brain blood flow
46
Q

histamine diseases

A
  • seizures
  • allergies
  • autoimmune diseae
  • cancer
47
Q

histamine drugs affecting NT

A
  • opiates
  • Benadryl
  • betahistine
  • antipsychotics
  • tagamet
  • Zantac
48
Q

histamine removal

A

transporters

49
Q

serotonin +/-

A

primarily excitatory

50
Q

serotonin location

A

midbrain and pons

51
Q

serotonin receptors

A
  • G-protein coupled
52
Q

serotonin main functions

A
  • sleep/wakefulness
  • neuromodulation
  • mood
53
Q

serotonin diseases

A
  • anxiety / depression / OCD / PTSD
  • schizophrenia
  • eating disorders
54
Q

serotonin drugs affecting NT

A
  • amphetamine
  • tricyclic antidepressants
  • atypical antipsychotics
  • cocaine
  • MAOIs
  • zofran
  • SSRIs
  • triprans
  • reserpine
55
Q

serotonin removal

56
Q

nitric oxide function

A
  • memory and learning
  • vasodilation
  • immune function
57
Q

endogenous opioids +/-

58
Q

endogenous opioids location

59
Q

endogenous opioids receptors

A
  • Mu
  • delta
  • kappa opioid receptors
60
Q

endogenous opioids main functions

A
  • neuromodulation
  • analgesia
61
Q

endogenous opioids diseases

A
  • addiction
  • schizophrenia
  • anxiety / panic disorder
  • obesity
62
Q

endogenous opioids drugs affecting NT

A
  • morphine
  • naloxone
  • heroin
  • fentanyl
  • naltrexone
  • hydrocodone
63
Q

endogenous opioids removal

A

spontaneous oxidation

64
Q

substance P +/-

A

excitatory

65
Q

substance P location

A

CNS and PNS

66
Q

substance P receptors

A

G protein coupled neurokinin receptors

67
Q

Substance P main functions

A
  • decrease BP
  • pain
  • GI function
  • regulates bone / cartilage metabolism and fracture healing
  • neuromodulation
  • mood
  • learning / memory
68
Q

substance P diseases

A
  • cancer
  • inflammatory diseases
  • depression / anxiety
  • HIV / AIDS
  • fibromyalgia
  • obesity
69
Q

substance P drugs affecting NT

A
  • K
  • muscarinic Ach receptor activators
  • THC
  • capsaicin
  • opioids
  • adenosine
  • narcotics
70
Q

substance P removal

A

broken down by postsynaptic cell

Neuroscience (9 decks)

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