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PRITE QUESTIONS BOOK > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

DA release in what structure represents common final event ass. with reinforcing effects of opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, PCP, and alcohol?

A

Nucleus accumbens

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2
Q

Role of glycine at NMDA R?

A

Obligate co agonist

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3
Q

Which NT system is the last to mature in the CNS of children and adolescents?

A

Cholinergic

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4
Q

A compound that increases muscle mass by increasing episodic secretion of GH?

A

Gamma hydroxybutyrate

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5
Q

Which NT is predominantly inhibitory?

A

Glycine

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6
Q

Neurochemical that reinforces effects of drugs of abuse acutely?

A

DA

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7
Q

Decreased level of what NT is most ass with depressed mood, poor sleep, and poor impulse control and affective aggression?

A

Serotonin

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8
Q

Name the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of NE and DA

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase

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9
Q

Metabolic of what hormone modulates GABA-A,seen in depression

A

Progesterone

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10
Q

Cation antagonist at NMDA R

A

Magnesium

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11
Q

Blocking which neuropeptide R provides analgesia?

A

Nociceptin

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12
Q

How do steroids impact the hippocampus?

A

Decrease AMPA glutamate signaling

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13
Q

Predominant site of endocannabinoid R CB1?

A

Presynaptic membrane

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14
Q

This peptide released into GIT conveys feeling of satiety after food intake

A

Cholecystokinin

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15
Q

NT that’s down regulated in ventral striatum in someone with persistent pain

A

DA

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16
Q

L- Methylfolate helps with depression by increasing production of serotonin, NE, and DA by increasing what?

A

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)

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17
Q

Molecular mechanism ethanol intoxication?

A

NMDA antagonism; GABA agonism

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18
Q

NT that stimulates AMPA R

A

Glutamate

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19
Q

NT in sleep promoting neurons of ventrolateral prep-tic nucleus?

A

GABA-A

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20
Q

What NT system is involved in sexual arousal?

A

DA

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21
Q

Highest concentration of 5HT producing cells in the brain?

A

Raphe nuclei

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22
Q

DA and what else regulates reward circuitry?

A

GABA

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23
Q

Neuoimaging technology most useful in studying connectivity pathways

A

Single photo emission CT scan

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24
Q

What area of the body has the most serotonin?

A

GIT

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25
Q

What NT have been associated with anxiety?

A

NE

26
Q

Positive allosteric modulators of NT-gated, multimeric ion channels do what?

A

Increase probability of opening in presence of ligand

27
Q

Where are the major clusters of cell bodies containing 5HT in the brain?

A

Raphe nucleus in the brain stem

28
Q

Principal mechanism of termination of synaptic activity of DA in prefrontal cortex?

A

Diffusion

29
Q

Opiates inhibit CAMP dependent protein phosphorylation in

A

Locus coeruleus

30
Q

NT maintains consistent levels with age

A

5HT

31
Q

Which NTs are reduced in quantity, uptake, and turnover in spasticity?

A

Glycine and GANA

32
Q

The cognitive enhancement associated with experimental D- cycloserine tx in pt’s with schizophrenia has been attributed to enhancement of NMDA R activity by which of the following NT?

A

Glycine

33
Q

In addiction, DA neurons project to nucleus accumbent. Cell bodies of these neurons reside in which area of the brain?

A

Ventral tegmental area

34
Q

NT ass. with reward and reinforcement in nicotine dependence?

A

DA

35
Q

Prostaglandin D2 increases extracellular levels of

A

Adenosine

36
Q

Which is a retrograde NT?

A

Endocannabinoids

37
Q

Characteristics of Ach R in cerebral cortex?

A

Both inhibitory and excitatory

38
Q

Neurohormone for social bonding

A

Oxytocin

39
Q

Low CSF levels of this NT metabolites is ass. with suicidality?

A

5-HIAA

40
Q

What is the 5HT3 R classification?

A

Ligand gated

41
Q

Pain by neurogenic inflammation mediated by?

A

Substance P

42
Q

Psych stress increases cortisol and prolonged cortisol is ass. with bad outcomes. It also affects other hormones. Increased in which hormone is correlated with decreased PTSD severity most likely due to hormone’s antiglucocorticoid properties?

A

DHEA

43
Q

Activation of this R is likely responsible for anti-anxiety motor impairment, and sedative hypnotic effects of alcohol

A

GABA-A

44
Q

NT regulating sleep and wakefulness?

A

Histamine

45
Q

What NT is thought to play a key role in fine-tuning working memory function in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?

A

DA

46
Q

Which of the following levels would be affected with changes in tyrosine hydroxyls level:

A

Dopaminergic

47
Q

Blockade of which R causes sedation and weight gain side effects for antipsychotics and antidepressants?

A

Histamine

48
Q

What NT present in the periaqueductal gray matter is involved in the mediation of pain?

A

Endorphins

49
Q

Which NT, IF dysfunctional, most replicates core symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Gluatamate

50
Q

R critical for long term potentiation?

A

NMDA R

51
Q

Neuronal death caused by NMDA R stimulation is due to?

A

Excessive calcium influx resulting in mitochondrial caspase activation

52
Q

NT with highest affinity for human CB-1 R?

A

Anandamide

53
Q

IV ketamine is antagonism of which NT system?

A

NMDA

54
Q

Intubated, agitated patient with delirious sx. Which NT is associated with AMS?

A

Ach

55
Q

Cerebellar purkinje cells releases what NT?

A

GABA

56
Q

Neuroimaging to measure change in cerebral blood flow

A

fMRI

57
Q

NT precursor to melatonin

A

5-HT

58
Q

Principal mechanism of termination of synaptic activity of DA in prefrontal cortex?

A

Diffusion

59
Q

During REM sleep what neuron ceases firing?

A

Histamine

60
Q

Which R does BDNF activate?

A

Tropomyosin R kinase B

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