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PRITE QUESTIONS BOOK > Neuroohysiology > Flashcards

Neuroohysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which cell types secretes innate pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-B in its with inflammatory conditions that affect the brain?

A

Microglia

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2
Q

The cortical synaptic remodeling characteristic of normal adolescence is also believed to be associated with what neurobiological change?

A

Preferential loss of excitatory synapses

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3
Q

Relaxation state in biofeedback shows decreasing

A

Skin conductance

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4
Q

How do inflammatory cytokines contribute to depression?

A

Increases serotonin reuptake transporters (opposite of SSRIs)

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5
Q

Effect of histone acetylation leads to?

A

Activates transcription

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6
Q

Genetic test most efficient in sequencing protein coding regions?

A

Whole exome sequencing

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7
Q

Best time for amniocentesis to assess for genetic disorders

A

20 w

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8
Q

Compared to genetic codes, epigenetic codes are characterized by

A

Dynamic 3 dimensional structure

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9
Q

3 major epigenetic mechanisms?

A

DNA methylation, histone modification, micro-RNAs

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10
Q

Hormone released from adipose tissues, enters the brain and provides negative feedback/ reduces food intake, regulates fat stores?

A

Leptin

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11
Q

Process of calcium mediated long-lasting increase in AMPA R signal transmission?

A

Long-term potentiation

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12
Q

What does the hypothalamus secrete when you are stressed?

A

CRH

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13
Q

The rapid learning demonstrated by children during the school age years is paralleled neurodevelopment ally by which of the following brain processes?

A

Increase in white matter

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14
Q

The most important feature of postnatal brain development is an increase in what?

A

Number of dendritic and axonal processes

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15
Q

What occurs when the CNS responds to an acute cortical insult?

A

Microglia processes retract, and the cell body enlarges

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16
Q

Hormone release during sleep which doesn’t have circadian rhythm pattern

A

GH

17
Q

Neuronal plasticity for learning and memory is best accounted for by

A

Synaptic connectivity

18
Q

What is a positive effect of neuroinflammatory response?

A

Microgial propagation of cytokines with associated decreased physical activity in response to a peripheral infection

19
Q

Potent neuroprotective factor preventing apoptosis

A

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide

20
Q

What type of R is a glucocorticoid R?

A

Nuclear

21
Q

How estrogen modulates effects on neuroinflammation

A

Decreased inflammatory cytokines

22
Q

What do you call a modulator that enhances R function when an agonist is present but does not directly activates it?

A

Positive allosteric modulator

23
Q

Nicotinic Ach R associate with reward properties of nicotine

A

a4B2

24
Q

What role does histone phosphorylation play?

A

Early response gene induction

25
Q

Disruption of cortical areas that form the salience network leads to impaired functioning?

A

Detection of relevant stimuli.

26
Q

Gene coding for which protein has 3 copies in trisomy 21

A

Amyloid precursor protein APP

27
Q

First step of next generation sequencing?

A

Genomic DNA gragmentation

28
Q

Which cells form neural circuits and scavenge for debris in the brain?

A

Microglia

29
Q

What epigenetic mechanism inhibits transcriptional machinery from DNA, leading to decreased gene transcription?

A

Methylation

30
Q

Gene variant that is best identified by pedigree based approach

A

Rare high penetrance

31
Q

Where is ghrelin synthesized and released

A

Enteroendocrine cells in the proximal small intestine and stomach

32
Q

Relationship between estrogen and depression during menopausal transition?

A

Rapidity of change in estrogen corrected with the development of depression

33
Q

Which of the following is in highest concentration in women?

A

Dehydroepiandrosterone

PRITE QUESTIONS BOOK (45 decks)

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