Neurotransmission Flashcards
what is the function of dendrites in relation to membrane potential.
aka cell body
receive in-put signals
lead to depolarisation
hyperpolarisation of plasma membrane
what are axons responsible for in relation to membrane potential
responsible for out-put signal
ways to classify neurons
morphology/shape
afferent/efferent nerves
neurotransmitter
how are neurons classified by shape
Bi-polar neurons vs multi-polar neurones
number of projections from cell body
how are neurons classified by afferent/efferent
Neurones that transmit information towards the CNS are afferent (arriving)
Neurones that transmit information from the CNS are efferent (exiting, effector organ)
how are neurons classified by neurotransmitter
Substance / chemical they release (e.g. dopamine, acetylcholine)
name the function ways to classify nerves
sensory and motor nerves
function of sensory nerves
send information to the central nervous system about the internal and external environment
function of motor nerves
control the activity of the body by controlling muscle and gland functions (contraction, relaxation, secretion
synapse
Synapse is the junction between one neurone & the next cell
converts electrical impulse -> chemical signal for communication between cells (electro-chemical coupling)
type of communication of the synapse
Nerve-Nerve
Nerve-Organ / Organ-Nerve
Nerve-Muscle
Nerve-Gland
Synapses between nerve and muscle cells are also called …
neuromuscular junctions or motor end plates
the process of the chemical synapse
neurotransmitter is released from presynaptic neuron
neurotransmitter crosses synaptic cleft
neurotransmitter binds to receptor of specific plasma membrane protein changing the membrane potential
how are synapses categorised
either excitatory or inhibitory
what do neurotransmitters at excitatory synapses do and name example
depolarises the postsynaptic membrane.
e.g. acetylcholine binds to receptors of post synaptic cell and opens ligand-gated sodium channels - depolarises - reduce membrane potential and increase Na+ ions