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Muscle Biology > Intro to nervous system > Flashcards

Intro to nervous system Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Components of CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Components of Peripheral Nervous system

A

Cranial Nerves

Spinal Nerves

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3
Q

Types of Neurons

A

Pseudounipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar

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4
Q

Location of pseudounipolar

A

sensory neuron of PNS

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5
Q

Location of bipolar neurons

A

peripheral sensory neurons for smell, vision, hearing and balance

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6
Q

Location of multipolar neurons

A

throughout CNS

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7
Q

Supporting cells

A

Glial cells; oligodendrocytes, astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal Cells
Schwann cells

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8
Q

oligodendrocyte functions

A

produce myelin

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9
Q

astrocyte function

A

structural support eg insulate synapses, uptake & synthesis of neurotransmitters

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10
Q

name of glial cell tumours

A

gliomas

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11
Q

microglia function and description

A

specialised macrophages that remove damaged neurons and infections

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12
Q

description and function of ependymal cells

A

form the epithelial lining of the ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, form a secretory epithelium (choroid plexus) that produces the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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13
Q

name the meninges

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
subarachnoid mater
pia mater

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14
Q

space between arachnoid mater and pia mater

A

filled with CSF

Arteries

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15
Q

Components of brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

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16
Q

lobes of the brain

A

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe

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17
Q

where in the vertebrae does the spinal cord end

A

Lumbar I and Lumbar II

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18
Q

Number of bones and nerves of Cervical vertebrae

A

7 bones

8 nerves

19
Q

No. bones and nerves of thoracic vertebrae

A

12

20
Q

No. bones and nerves of lumbar vertebrae

A

5

21
Q

No. bones and nerves of sacrum vertebrae

A

5

22
Q

No. bones and nerves of coccyx vertebrae

A

3-4 fused coccygeal vertebrae

1 coccygeal nerve

23
Q

function of Autonomic Nervous System

A

regulates glands
blood vessels
internal organs

24
Q

function of somatic nervous system

A

controls skeletal muscle

25
Q

Systems of Autonomic Nervous System

A

Sympathetic Nervous System (fight or flight)

Parasympathetic Nervous System (rest and digest)

26
Q

Cranial Nerve Mneumonic device

A 
(Olfactory) Oh
(Optic) Oh 
(Occulomotor) Oh
(Trochlear) To 
(Trigeminal) Touch 
(Abducens) And
(Facial) Feel
(Vestibulocochlear) Very 
(Glassopharynx) Green
(Vagus) Vegetable
(Accessory) Ah 
(Hypoglossal) Heaven
27
Q

organs that the 8 cervical nerves influence

A

neck and upper limb

28
Q

organs that the 12 thoracic nerves influence

A

T1-12 for upper limb and thorax

29
Q

organs that the 5 lumbar nerves influence

A

L1-5 for abdomen and lower limb

30
Q

organs that the 5 sacral nerves influence

A

1-5 for lower limb and perineum

The urinary and anal sphincters, and the external genitalia, are supplied by S2-4 (sphincters and sex)

31
Q

sensory spinal nerves

A

Enters posterior aspect of spinal cord

Cell body in spinal (dorsal root) ganglion

32
Q

motor spinal nerves

A

Efferent
Exits anterior aspect of spinal cord
Cell body in spinal cord (grey matter)

33
Q

Dermatomes

A

Area of skin supplied by one spinal nerve

34
Q

Myotomes

A

Group of muscles that a single spinal nerve innervates

35
Q

stages of reflex arcs

A 
Receptor
Sensory neuron
Integration centre
Motor neuron
Effector
36
Q

examples of monosynaptic reflex arcs

A

Knee

Ankle

37
Q

direction of nerve impulse of sensory nerves

A

Afferent

Towards CNS

38
Q

direction of nerve impulse of motor nerves

A

Efferent

Away from CNS

39
Q

Somatic sensation

A

we are acutely aware of these; well localised (e.g. sharp pain, touch). Generally originate in body wall structures rather than internal organs

40
Q

visceral sensation

A

: either imperceptible, only vaguely localisable, or only become perceptible in disease. From blood vessels and internal organs (viscera).

41
Q

function of sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight
Alert - inc. heart rate, contractility and blood pressure
Blood vessels, bronchioles and pupils dilate
Close sphincters

42
Q

function of parasympathetic nervous system

A

decrease heart rate and contractility
relaxes alimentary canal
pupil and bronchioles constrict
open sphincters

43
Q

Structure of sympathetic nervous system

A

short preganglionic neurons

long postganglionic neurons

44
Q

structure of parasympathetic nervous system

A

long preganglionic neurons

short postganglionic neurons

Muscle Biology (25 decks)

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