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Muscle Biology > Hand, Carpus > Flashcards

Hand, Carpus Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

movements of the wrist

A 
abduction
adduction
extension
flexion
radial deviation
ulnar deviation
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2
Q

joints of the wrist

A 
Radiocarpal joint
Midcarpal
Plane joints between individual small
bones
Carpo-metacarpal joints 2-5
Carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb
(first carpo-metacarpal joint)
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3
Q

contents of radiocarpal joint and the type of joint (including its no. axes)

A 
Synovial joint between
radius & proximal carpal row
Articular disc
Ellipsoid (condyloid)
2 axes + circumduction
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4
Q

capsule of the radiocarpal joint attaches to..

A

at distal radius & ulna and around proximal carpal

bones

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5
Q

ligaments that strengthen the capsule

A
  • Palmar and dorsal ligaments

- Radial & ulnar collateral lig.

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6
Q

what type of joint is the first carp-metacarpal joint and in what direction does it move

A

saddle joint

2 axes

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7
Q

most common carpal bone fracture

A

scaphoid fracture

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8
Q

what percentage of scaphoid fractures cause absence of nutrients via supply?
what does this lead to?

A

13%

avascular necrosis

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9
Q

lunate dislocation

A

separation of the lunate from both

the capitate and the radius.

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10
Q

cause of lunate dislocation

A

from excessive pressure on to a
hyperextended wrist.
• e.g. a fall on an outstretched hand or
occur in a motor vehicle crash.

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11
Q

dislocation of lunate carpal bones will effect which nerve

A

median nerve

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12
Q

location of bennets fracture

A 
First CMC (carpometacarpal) joint
Affects base of 1st metacarpal
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13
Q

causes of bennets fracture

A

Caused by excessive abduction of 1st metacarpal

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14
Q

bennets fracture

A

small fragment of 1st metacarpal, attached to anterior oblique ligament, continues to articulate with trapezium

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15
Q

metacarpal phalangeal joint
location
type of joint
movement

A

metacarpal joint
ellipsoid joint - 2 axes
extension/flexion
abduction/adduction

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16
Q

type of joint of a interphalangeal joint

A

hinge joint

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17
Q

hand layers

A 
skin and subcutis
deep fascia/palmar aponeurosis
superficial muscle layer
palmar spaces
deep muscle layer - adductor pollicis muscle, interossei
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18
Q

shape of palmar aponeurosis

A 
triangular shape
Apex of triangle is proximal
• Anchored to flexor retinaculum
• Palmaris longus 
divides into slips
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19
Q

tendons and sheaths in palmar aponeurosis

A

• Fibrous flexor tendon sheaths
• Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments -
Across MC heads & MCP joints

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20
Q

thenar eminence

A

Short muscles of the thumb

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21
Q

attachment of thenar eminence

A

Attached to radial side of flexor

retinaculum & adjacent carpal bones

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22
Q

innervation of thenar eminence

A

median nerve

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23
Q

hypothenar eminence

A

Short muscles of the little finger

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24
Q

attachment of hypothenar eminence

A

Attached to ulnar side of flexor

retinaculum & adjacent carpal bones

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25
Q

innervation of hypothenar muscle

A

Ulnar nerve

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26
Q

name the 3 thenar muscles

A

Opponens Pollicis (1st MC)
Abductor Pollicis Brevis (PP)
Flexor Pollicis Brevis (PP)

27
Q

muscles of the hypothenar muscles

A

Opponens Digiti Minimi (5th MC)
Abductor Digiti Minimi (PP)
Flexor Digiti Minimi (PP)

28
Q

content of carpal tunnel

A 
tendons of;
flexor digitorum profundus 
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor pollicis longus 
median nerve
29
Q

compression of tunnel contents leads to

A

Median Nerve palsy
distal to the wrist
Thenar muscle wasting
Absence of opposition of the thumb

30
Q

causes of carpal tunnel syndrome

A 
Fluid retention
cardiac, renal, pregnancy
Tendonitis of the long flexors
Bone overgrowth
Arthritis
31
Q

treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome

A

divide flexor retinaculum

32
Q

guyon space

A

ulnar artery and nerve
palmar carpal ligament
flexor retinaculum

33
Q

long flexor tendons

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis (PIP joints)
Flexor digitorum profundus (DIP joints)
Flexor pollicis longus (IP joint)

34
Q

fibrous tendon sheaths function

A

Prevent Bowstringing of tendons

• Annular and Cruciate Pulleys

35
Q

synovial flexor tendon sheaths function

A

reduce friction

36
Q

lumbricals arise from

A

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

37
Q

where do the lumbricals pass

A

Pass on radial side of MCP joint to insert

into extensor hood

38
Q

function of lumbricals

A

Flex MCP & extend IP joints

39
Q

innervation of lateral lumbricals

A 
Median nerve (digital branch)
Unipennate
40
Q

innervation of medial lumbricals

A 
Ulnar nerve (deep branch)
Bipennate
41
Q

palmar spaces

A

medial fibrous septum
midpalmar space
lateral fibrous septum
thenar space

42
Q

origin of adductor pollicis

A

Transverse head – shaft of 3rd MC

Oblique head – 2nd / 3rd MCs and capitate

43
Q

insertion of adductor pollicis

A

Ulnar aspect PP of the thumb

44
Q

action of adductor pollicis

A

adduction

45
Q

innervation of adductor pollicis

A

ulnar nerve

46
Q

muscle type of palmar interossei

insertion and origin

A

unipennate

on palmar surface 1-5 MC

47
Q

action of palmar interossei

A

adduction

long axis of middle finger

48
Q

dorsal interossei origin

A

Bipennate (attach to 2 metacarpals)

49
Q

insertion of dorsal interossei

A

Into extensor expansions

2nd, 3rd & 4th digits (3rd has 2)

50
Q

innervation of dorsal interossei

A

Ulnar nerve

51
Q

action of dorsal interossei

A

abduction

Dorsal interossei abduct (DAB)

52
Q

interconnected networks of the arterial supply of the hand

A

Superficial palmar arch
Deep palmar arch
Dorsal network

53
Q

radial artery locations

A

Lateral to Flexor Carpi Radialis
Runs posteriorly
Anatomical snuff box

54
Q

where does the radial artery run anteriorly to

A

through webspace
Through 1st dorsal interosseus
Through Adductor Pollicis

55
Q

ulnar artery direction

A

Runs superficial to flexor retinaculum
Guyon’s canal
Deep branch to deep arch

56
Q

causes of klumpkes paralysis

A

Lower brachial plexus injury

Paralysis of C8 / T1

57
Q

signs of klumpkes paralysis

A 
Small muscles of hand - claw
Unopposed action of long flexors &
extensors
Flexes PIP & DIP joints - extends MCP
joints
58
Q

distal injury of ulnar nerve leads to

A

paralysis of:
• Interossei
• 2 medial lumbricals
• Hypothenar muscles

59
Q

distal injury of deformity of ulnar nerve leads to

A

deformity
• “Claw hand”
• Maximal in medial (ulnar) 2 digits
• Extension of MCPs & flexion of IPs

60
Q

proximal injury of ulnar nerves causes

A

“Ulnar Paradox”

• Due to partial paralysis of FDP

61
Q

injury of median nerve leads to paralysis of

A
  • 2 radial / lateral Lumbricals
  • Thenar muscles (OAF)
  • Test opposition
62
Q

injury of median nerve leads to deformity of

A

Ape hand / pointing finger

63
Q

distal injury of median injury

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

64
Q

proximal injury of median

A

FDP/FDS - increased digital extension

Muscle Biology (25 decks)

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