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Psychiatry > Neuroses > Flashcards

Neuroses Flashcards

1
Q

What is GAD?

A

Generalised, persistent excessive anxiety or worry about a number of events that are hard to control lasting 6 months or longer.

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2
Q

What psychological symptoms manifest with GAD?

A 
Irritability
Impatience
Fear
Derealisation
Depersonalisation
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3
Q

What arousal symptoms manifest in GAD?

A

Increased vigilance
Restlessness
Increased startle response
Decreased sleep

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4
Q

What Physical symptoms manifest in GAD by system?

A 
Tachycardia, palpitations, chest pain, 
Nausea,  Dry mouth, choking sensation, GORD, flatulence, diarrhoea,
Hyperventilation
Excessive urination 
Sweating,
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5
Q

What neurological symptoms manifest in GAD?

A 
Tinnitus
Light headed
Tremor
Headache
Motor tension
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6
Q

What are the biological causes of GAD?

A

Low GABA levels lead to reduced activity in the nervous system resulting in anxiety

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7
Q

What structural changes occur in GAD?

A

Amygdala and frontal cortex remodelling

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8
Q

What are the risk factors for GAD?

A 
Family history ++
GAD and depression genetically related
Age 33-55
Divorced or separated
Living alone
Lone parent
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9
Q

What is protective against GAD?

A

Married or cohabiting

Age 16-24

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10
Q

What causes from childhood are relevant to GAD?

A 
Child abuse
Trauma
Separations
Demands for high achievement
Excessive conformity
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11
Q

How is stress linked to GAD?

A 
Traumatic life events
Physical disease (COPD especially as feel breathless)
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12
Q

What is the treatment pathway for GAD?

A

Education
Low intensity psychological interventions, self help
CBT or SSRIs/SNRIs
Inpatient MDT

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13
Q

What is the time limit for using benzos?

A

3-5 days

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14
Q

What is given to those with GAD and palpitations?

A

Beta blockers (propanolol)

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15
Q

What is second line to SSRIs/SNRIs in GAD?

A

Pregabalin

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16
Q

What is the treatment for phobias?

A

CBT

Exposure therapy

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17
Q

What are hypnotics used for?

A

Insomnia

18
Q

Name some hypnotics and what is the issue

A

Zopiclone
Zolpiden
Can be addictive

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action for hypnotics?

A

GABA inhibitors like Benzos

20
Q

What are anxiolytics?

A

Benzos.

Used for sleep induction and muscle relaxation

21
Q

What are the indications for anxiolytics?

A

Short term generalised anxiety
Withdrawal states
Control of violent behaviour

22
Q

Which are long acting benzos?

A

Diazepam

Nitrazepam

23
Q

What are short acting benzos?

A

Lorazepam

Temazepam

24
Q

What are the side effects of Benzos?

A 
Drowsiness
Ataxia (falls risk in elderly)
Amnesia
Dependence
Disinhibition->  Agression
25
Q

What does benzo withdrawal look like?

A 
Shakiness
Anxiety
Abdo cramps
Perceptual delusions
Seizures
26
Q

What happens when you start and stop benzos to dreams?

A

Stop when start

Rebound when stop

27
Q

What does benzo overdose look like?

A

Respiratory distress
Drowsiness
Ataxia
Dysarthria

28
Q

How do you treat Benzo OD?

A

FLUMAZENIL

29
Q

Wich antidepressant is sedative?

A

Mirtazapine

30
Q

What is a phobia?

A

Anxiety evoked in a well defined situation that is not currently dangerous

31
Q

What is panic disorder

A

3 panic attacks in 3 weeks lasting up to 10 minutes not retricted by setting or circumstance so unpredicatble

32
Q

What is needed for a diagnosis of OCD?

A

Activity to take up to an hour a day for over 2 weeks

33
Q

How is OCD treated?

A

SSRIs

CBT

34
Q

How is PTSD treated?

A

CBT
EMDR- eye movement desensitising reprocessing
Paroxetine/Mirtazapine

35
Q

How long do you need to experience symptoms for PTSD?

A

Over a month

36
Q

What is adjustment disorder?

A

Onset within weeks or months of trauma that last up to 6 months with wide ranging symptoms of depression, anxiety, autonomic arousal but insuffient for depression or anxiety diagnosis

37
Q

How is adjustment disorder treated?

A

CBT

Practical support

38
Q

What is an acute stress reaction?

A

Minutes to hours after an event to a few days later
Dazed, perplexed and anxious
Depression, angerm despair, purposeless overactivity

39
Q

What is somatisation disoder?

A

Over 2 years of symptoms with physical explanations

40
Q

WHat is persistent somatiform pain disorder?

A

physical symtom with no physical cause

Psychiatry (13 decks)

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