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Multisystem 2 > Neurosciences > Flashcards

Neurosciences Flashcards

1
Q

unilateral throbbing HA
aura
N/V/photophobia is

tx w __ and ___

A

migraines

tritptans/NSAID

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2
Q

bilateral HA, worse as day goes on is ___

A

tension HA

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3
Q

unilteral HA, brief, male, periorbital pain
Horner’s syndome/lacrimation

is ____

A

cluster HA

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4
Q

HA, overweight young woman w bilateral papilledema

dx is ____

treat w ___ and ____

A

idiopathic intracranial HTN

LP/acetazolamide

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5
Q

chronic daily HA w daily analgesis use

dx is ____

A

rebound HA

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6
Q

facial paralysis, cannot move muscles of face

dx is ___
not seen in __ bc of dual innervation

A

bell palsy

stroke

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7
Q

Contralateral face/arm weakness, sensory loss, eye deviates toward ___

type of stroke ___
most left brain dominant, so left sided can present w ___

RMCA may hvae defects in __/__ fxn
unilateral __, difficulty w ___

A

lesion

MCA
aphasia

visual/spacial
neglect of limb, stereognosis

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8
Q

contralateral foot/leg weakness, behavioral hange, confused, impaired gait/stance aka __
lack of initiative aka __
urinary incontinene, positive grasp/suck reflexes

stroke to ____

A

aprxia
akinetic mutism

ACA

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9
Q

vomiting, vertigo, dysarthria, CN palsies, diplopia, hempiaresis/hemisensory loss

stroke to ___ such as __/__ areries

A

posterior circ

vertebral/basilar

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10
Q

old man, sudden onset diplopia/N/V

left eye inward, cannot close left eye, flat nasolabial fold

lesion in ___
affected CN __/__

A

pons

6/7

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11
Q

CN 3/4 located in ___

CN 5/6/7/8 located in ___

CN 9/10/11/12 located in __

HA/one pupil not responding to light aka __ involvement

lesion is in ___

A

MB

Pons

medulla

Posterior communicating artery aneurysm

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12
Q

rapid onset after lucid interval, temporal skull fracture

__ hematoma
affects ___

__ shape on CT

A

epidural
MMA

lentiform

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13
Q

slow onset. usually elderly/alcoholic/baby

__ hematoma
torn __

__ shape on CT

A

subdural
bridging veins

crescent

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14
Q

worst HA of life, blood in CSF

__ hemorrhage

assc w __/___

A

subarachnoid

Berry/ADPKD

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15
Q

MA woman, post GI infection, tingling and difficulty walking

SOB
weakness in proximal/distal extremities, lack vibratory/position/reflexes

dx is ___
common bugs __/__

feared comp
pathogenesis- antibody cross reacts w

tx w ___/___

A

Guillen bare
C jejuni, CMV

Resp acidosis
myelin

plasmapharesis, IVIG

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16
Q

drooping of eyelids, double vision, difficulty swallowing

worsen as day goes on, improves w rest
muscle weaknes

dx is ___
antibody against ____
tx w __ such as __
complication is ___

A

MG
Ach receptor
AchAse inhibitor, pyridostigimine

thymoma

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17
Q

progressive weakness, cannot rise from chair, dry eyes/mouth, ED

absent DTR, CK normal

right lung mass

dx is ___
antibodies against ___

assc w ___

A

lambert eaton

voltage gated presynaptic P/Q Ca channel

SCLC

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18
Q

weakness, hyperreflexia, babinski, spasticity (UMN signs) and atrophy/weakness (LMN signs)

esp fasciculations
dx is ___
tx w ___ reducing ___ induced excitotoxicity

A

ALS

riluzole, glutamate induced

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19
Q

Young woman, visual sx, neuro sx, periventricular white matter changes

dx is ___
tx w ____

A

MS

interferon B

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20
Q

floppy baby, hypotonia/fasciculations

dx is ___

spinal musclular atrophy __

inherited __, degenration of __

A

werdnig hoffman

T1

AR, anterior horn cells

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21
Q

fracture of mid shaft of humerus

possible to damage __ nerve

found in ___

A

radial

spinal groove

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22
Q

obese, numbness to outer thigh, dec sensation

normal reflex/strength

dx to ___
aka

A

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

meralgia paresthetica

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23
Q

tx carpal tunnel w ___

A

wrist splints

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24
Q

paresthesias of lateral 1.5 digits, prolonged elbow flexion

damage ot ___ nerve

if at wrist, develop ___ of 4/5 digits

seen in __
fx of ___

A

ulnar

claw hand

bicyclists
hamate hook

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25
Q

wekaness of wrist extensors and wrist drop
hx of crutch or passing out w arm over back of chair

damage to ___

A

radial neerve

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26
Q

winged scapula, post mastectomy

damage to ___
roots

A

long thoracic nerve

C5-C7

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27
Q

shouldr dystocia
damage to ___

claw hand w loss of __

damage to C8/T1 called ___

A

C5-C6

lumbricals

klumpkes

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28
Q

intense episodes of intense pain, while chewing gum

last only a second
stressor brings it on

dx is ___

A

trigeminal neuralgia

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29
Q

vesicular rsh of left cheek/forehead/nose

possible dx is ___
get ___

A

herpes opthalmicus

ophtho

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30
Q

normal pulses, leg pain worse in certain positions

dx is

A

spinal stenosis

31
Q

older man, midthoracic back pain, leg weakness, urinary incontinence

former smoker
hyperrreflexia, dec sensation

cxr shows mass

dx is ____

A

epidural metastasis

32
Q

Ataxia, tremors, forgetful
myoclonic jerks

EEG w periodic sharp waves

dx is ____

A

CJD

33
Q

Ataxia, bilateral nystagmus, inability to move eyes

deficiency in ____
dz is ___

if develops confabulation, dx is ____
damage to ___

A

thiamine
wernicke’s enceph

WK
mamillary bodies

34
Q

younger male, twtiching of extremities, irritable, depressed, cannot multitask
positive family history

dx is ___
gliosis of ____

A

huntingtons

caudate nucleus

35
Q

older male, ataxia, urinary incontinence, memory/delirium problems

dx is ___

A

NPH

36
Q

older woman, new onset Parkinson sx
normal strenth/reflex

look for __ drug

other SE

A

metochlopramide

tardive kinesia, tics

37
Q

fever, confusion, severe HA, aphasic, weakenss, temporal lobe enhancement

dx is ___, usually caused by ___ in YA
tx w __

in IC, caused by ____

A

encephalitis
HSV
acyclovir

CMV

38
Q

low CD4/HIV, hemaniopa, ataxia
non enhancing white matter lesions

dx is __
caused by -__

A

PML

JC virus

39
Q

Encephalitis, fever, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, parkinson features

caused by -_

A

west nile

40
Q

CN palsy, posterior column signs, paresis, dementia, AR pupil

dx is ___

A

neurosyphilis

41
Q

older person, aura, lost conciousness

stiffening/shaking, urinary incontinence
MRI normal

dx is __ w ____

A

parial seizure w secondary generalization

42
Q

older person, lost awareness, stares/smacks lips
confused, then returns to normal

type of seizure ___
__ only seen in kids

A

partial complex

absence

43
Q

younger pt, alcohol use, poor sleep habits

involuntary jerks

dx is ___

A

juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

44
Q

acute hepatic failure, pancreatitis, teratogen

med SE of

A

valproic acid

45
Q

aplastic anemia, hepatic failure

med SE of ___
used for intractable seizure like ____

A

felbamate

Lennox gastaut

46
Q

ataxia, hepatic dysfxn, gingival hyperplasia

drug is ___

A

phenytoin

47
Q

hypoNa, hepatic dysfxn

drug si ___

A

carbamezipine

48
Q

SJS

se of ___ for absence
also P/L/C

A

ethosuximide

phenytoin, lamotrigine, carbamezipine

49
Q

kidney stones, wl, glaucoma, Met acid

se of ___

A

topiramate

50
Q

irritable, severe depression

SE o f___

A

levetiracetam

51
Q

hx of finger fumbling/lip smacking/dec conciousness

occurring freq, tired, memory loss, speech probs

abnormal electrical activity in ___

can lead to anopia in ___

A

temporal lobe

opposite upper quadrantic

52
Q

bitemporal hemaniopsia

lesion in

A

optic chism

53
Q

left lower quadrantic anopia

lesion in

A

right parietal lobe

54
Q

left homonyous hemaniopia w macular sparing

lesion in __

A

right occipital lobe

55
Q

central scotoma due to __

A

macular degen

56
Q

no light perception in eye

damage to ___

A

optic nerve

57
Q

diplopia, dyarthria, dysphagia, flaccid paralysis

dx is ___
post __

A

botulism

honey

58
Q

sprained ankles, calf atrophy, hammer toes, sensory loss, palpable peripheral nerves

Dx is ___
aka hereditary __

A

charcot marie tooth

motor sensry neuro

59
Q

4 yr old, awakes w screaming, inconsolable, no memory of it

dx is ___

A

night terrors

60
Q

slow growing, midline tumor

dx is ___

A

meningioma

61
Q

rapid dementia, startle myoclonus, hypokinesia, atazia/nystagmus

dx is ___
__ changes
__ protein in CSF

mri w flare in __/___

A

CJD
spongiform
14-3-3

putamen/caudate

62
Q

Pediatric cerebellar tumor

dx is -_

A

medulloblastoma

63
Q

boy, self mutiliating, mitral regurg, chorea, high uric acid

dx is ____

mutation in ____

A

lesch nyhan

HGPRT

64
Q

port wine stain in V1 divisio, seizure, mitral regurg, hemiparesis, glaucoma

dx is ____

A

sturge weber

65
Q

hamartomas of skin/CNS, ash leaf spot, adenoma sebaceum, mitral regurg

dx is ___
inheritance
chromosome

A

TS
AD
16

66
Q

cavernous hemangiomas in skin, bilateral RCC, hemangioblastoma of brain stem/cerebeullum, pheochromocytoma

dx is ___
inheritance
gene on ___

A

vHL
AD
3

67
Q

vision probs, HTN, no pain
sluggish to direct light
pale fundus/cherry red macula

dx is __

A

central retinal artery occlusion

68
Q

sudden onset floating visual problem

peripheral first

dx is ____

A

retinal detachment

69
Q

acute visual loss, lots of pain

HA, red eye, mid dilated fxed pupil

dx is ___

A

acute angle closure glaucoma

70
Q

abrupt onset painful visual loss, hemorrhage, cotton wool spot

dx is ___

A

central retinal vein occluson

71
Q

sudden onset vertigo in specific positions, otolith in SCC

dx is ___
tx w ___

A

BPV

epley

72
Q

tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo

dx is ___
inc ___ damaging hair cells

A

menieres dz

endolymphatic fluid

73
Q

unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo

dx is _____/___

bilateral in ___

A

acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwanomma

NF2

Multisystem 2 (14 decks)

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