Neurosciences Flashcards
unilateral throbbing HA
aura
N/V/photophobia is
tx w __ and ___
migraines
tritptans/NSAID
bilateral HA, worse as day goes on is ___
tension HA
unilteral HA, brief, male, periorbital pain
Horner’s syndome/lacrimation
is ____
cluster HA
HA, overweight young woman w bilateral papilledema
dx is ____
treat w ___ and ____
idiopathic intracranial HTN
LP/acetazolamide
chronic daily HA w daily analgesis use
dx is ____
rebound HA
facial paralysis, cannot move muscles of face
dx is ___
not seen in __ bc of dual innervation
bell palsy
stroke
Contralateral face/arm weakness, sensory loss, eye deviates toward ___
type of stroke ___
most left brain dominant, so left sided can present w ___
RMCA may hvae defects in __/__ fxn
unilateral __, difficulty w ___
lesion
MCA
aphasia
visual/spacial
neglect of limb, stereognosis
contralateral foot/leg weakness, behavioral hange, confused, impaired gait/stance aka __
lack of initiative aka __
urinary incontinene, positive grasp/suck reflexes
stroke to ____
aprxia
akinetic mutism
ACA
vomiting, vertigo, dysarthria, CN palsies, diplopia, hempiaresis/hemisensory loss
stroke to ___ such as __/__ areries
posterior circ
vertebral/basilar
old man, sudden onset diplopia/N/V
left eye inward, cannot close left eye, flat nasolabial fold
lesion in ___
affected CN __/__
pons
6/7
CN 3/4 located in ___
CN 5/6/7/8 located in ___
CN 9/10/11/12 located in __
HA/one pupil not responding to light aka __ involvement
lesion is in ___
MB
Pons
medulla
Posterior communicating artery aneurysm
rapid onset after lucid interval, temporal skull fracture
__ hematoma
affects ___
__ shape on CT
epidural
MMA
lentiform
slow onset. usually elderly/alcoholic/baby
__ hematoma
torn __
__ shape on CT
subdural
bridging veins
crescent
worst HA of life, blood in CSF
__ hemorrhage
assc w __/___
subarachnoid
Berry/ADPKD
MA woman, post GI infection, tingling and difficulty walking
SOB
weakness in proximal/distal extremities, lack vibratory/position/reflexes
dx is ___
common bugs __/__
feared comp
pathogenesis- antibody cross reacts w
tx w ___/___
Guillen bare
C jejuni, CMV
Resp acidosis
myelin
plasmapharesis, IVIG
drooping of eyelids, double vision, difficulty swallowing
worsen as day goes on, improves w rest
muscle weaknes
dx is ___
antibody against ____
tx w __ such as __
complication is ___
MG
Ach receptor
AchAse inhibitor, pyridostigimine
thymoma
progressive weakness, cannot rise from chair, dry eyes/mouth, ED
absent DTR, CK normal
right lung mass
dx is ___
antibodies against ___
assc w ___
lambert eaton
voltage gated presynaptic P/Q Ca channel
SCLC
weakness, hyperreflexia, babinski, spasticity (UMN signs) and atrophy/weakness (LMN signs)
esp fasciculations
dx is ___
tx w ___ reducing ___ induced excitotoxicity
ALS
riluzole, glutamate induced
Young woman, visual sx, neuro sx, periventricular white matter changes
dx is ___
tx w ____
MS
interferon B
floppy baby, hypotonia/fasciculations
dx is ___
spinal musclular atrophy __
inherited __, degenration of __
werdnig hoffman
T1
AR, anterior horn cells
fracture of mid shaft of humerus
possible to damage __ nerve
found in ___
radial
spinal groove
obese, numbness to outer thigh, dec sensation
normal reflex/strength
dx to ___
aka
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
meralgia paresthetica
tx carpal tunnel w ___
wrist splints
paresthesias of lateral 1.5 digits, prolonged elbow flexion
damage ot ___ nerve
if at wrist, develop ___ of 4/5 digits
seen in __
fx of ___
ulnar
claw hand
bicyclists
hamate hook
wekaness of wrist extensors and wrist drop
hx of crutch or passing out w arm over back of chair
damage to ___
radial neerve
winged scapula, post mastectomy
damage to ___
roots
long thoracic nerve
C5-C7
shouldr dystocia
damage to ___
claw hand w loss of __
damage to C8/T1 called ___
C5-C6
lumbricals
klumpkes
intense episodes of intense pain, while chewing gum
last only a second
stressor brings it on
dx is ___
trigeminal neuralgia
vesicular rsh of left cheek/forehead/nose
possible dx is ___
get ___
herpes opthalmicus
ophtho
normal pulses, leg pain worse in certain positions
dx is
spinal stenosis
older man, midthoracic back pain, leg weakness, urinary incontinence
former smoker
hyperrreflexia, dec sensation
cxr shows mass
dx is ____
epidural metastasis
Ataxia, tremors, forgetful
myoclonic jerks
EEG w periodic sharp waves
dx is ____
CJD
Ataxia, bilateral nystagmus, inability to move eyes
deficiency in ____
dz is ___
if develops confabulation, dx is ____
damage to ___
thiamine
wernicke’s enceph
WK
mamillary bodies
younger male, twtiching of extremities, irritable, depressed, cannot multitask
positive family history
dx is ___
gliosis of ____
huntingtons
caudate nucleus
older male, ataxia, urinary incontinence, memory/delirium problems
dx is ___
NPH
older woman, new onset Parkinson sx
normal strenth/reflex
look for __ drug
other SE
metochlopramide
tardive kinesia, tics
fever, confusion, severe HA, aphasic, weakenss, temporal lobe enhancement
dx is ___, usually caused by ___ in YA
tx w __
in IC, caused by ____
encephalitis
HSV
acyclovir
CMV
low CD4/HIV, hemaniopa, ataxia
non enhancing white matter lesions
dx is __
caused by -__
PML
JC virus
Encephalitis, fever, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, parkinson features
caused by -_
west nile
CN palsy, posterior column signs, paresis, dementia, AR pupil
dx is ___
neurosyphilis
older person, aura, lost conciousness
stiffening/shaking, urinary incontinence
MRI normal
dx is __ w ____
parial seizure w secondary generalization
older person, lost awareness, stares/smacks lips
confused, then returns to normal
type of seizure ___
__ only seen in kids
partial complex
absence
younger pt, alcohol use, poor sleep habits
involuntary jerks
dx is ___
juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
acute hepatic failure, pancreatitis, teratogen
med SE of
valproic acid
aplastic anemia, hepatic failure
med SE of ___
used for intractable seizure like ____
felbamate
Lennox gastaut
ataxia, hepatic dysfxn, gingival hyperplasia
drug is ___
phenytoin
hypoNa, hepatic dysfxn
drug si ___
carbamezipine
SJS
se of ___ for absence
also P/L/C
ethosuximide
phenytoin, lamotrigine, carbamezipine
kidney stones, wl, glaucoma, Met acid
se of ___
topiramate
irritable, severe depression
SE o f___
levetiracetam
hx of finger fumbling/lip smacking/dec conciousness
occurring freq, tired, memory loss, speech probs
abnormal electrical activity in ___
can lead to anopia in ___
temporal lobe
opposite upper quadrantic
bitemporal hemaniopsia
lesion in
optic chism
left lower quadrantic anopia
lesion in
right parietal lobe
left homonyous hemaniopia w macular sparing
lesion in __
right occipital lobe
central scotoma due to __
macular degen
no light perception in eye
damage to ___
optic nerve
diplopia, dyarthria, dysphagia, flaccid paralysis
dx is ___
post __
botulism
honey
sprained ankles, calf atrophy, hammer toes, sensory loss, palpable peripheral nerves
Dx is ___
aka hereditary __
charcot marie tooth
motor sensry neuro
4 yr old, awakes w screaming, inconsolable, no memory of it
dx is ___
night terrors
slow growing, midline tumor
dx is ___
meningioma
rapid dementia, startle myoclonus, hypokinesia, atazia/nystagmus
dx is ___
__ changes
__ protein in CSF
mri w flare in __/___
CJD
spongiform
14-3-3
putamen/caudate
Pediatric cerebellar tumor
dx is -_
medulloblastoma
boy, self mutiliating, mitral regurg, chorea, high uric acid
dx is ____
mutation in ____
lesch nyhan
HGPRT
port wine stain in V1 divisio, seizure, mitral regurg, hemiparesis, glaucoma
dx is ____
sturge weber
hamartomas of skin/CNS, ash leaf spot, adenoma sebaceum, mitral regurg
dx is ___
inheritance
chromosome
TS
AD
16
cavernous hemangiomas in skin, bilateral RCC, hemangioblastoma of brain stem/cerebeullum, pheochromocytoma
dx is ___
inheritance
gene on ___
vHL
AD
3
vision probs, HTN, no pain
sluggish to direct light
pale fundus/cherry red macula
dx is __
central retinal artery occlusion
sudden onset floating visual problem
peripheral first
dx is ____
retinal detachment
acute visual loss, lots of pain
HA, red eye, mid dilated fxed pupil
dx is ___
acute angle closure glaucoma
abrupt onset painful visual loss, hemorrhage, cotton wool spot
dx is ___
central retinal vein occluson
sudden onset vertigo in specific positions, otolith in SCC
dx is ___
tx w ___
BPV
epley
tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo
dx is ___
inc ___ damaging hair cells
menieres dz
endolymphatic fluid
unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo
dx is _____/___
bilateral in ___
acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwanomma
NF2
