Endocrine/Reproductive Flashcards
teenager, N/V/ab pain
Hx of T1DM, no insulin
tender abdomen, low Na, high K, glucose is very high
high AGAP
urine shows ketones
dx is ____
DKA
elderly woman, hx of T2DM
fatigue, A/V/ fever
confusion, somnolence
low BP, glucose at 1200
dx is ___
HNK hypoglycemia
MA woman, somnolent
HA/moodiness
low glucose, high insulin, low C peptide
dx is ___
surreptitious insulin
Elderly man, SOA for 2 days
inc swelling, weight gain
poorly controlled T2DM
evidence of heart failure
med causing worsening of sx is ___
pioglitazone
Hypoglycemia is SE of __
aka ___
also seen in amylin analogue ____ or ____
SFU
glyburide
pramlintide, insulin
Lactic acidosis and diarrhea
SE of ____
minimal ___
avoid in ____
metformin
weight gain
renal failure
Pancreatitis
SE of ___ such as ___
GLP 1 analogue
exenatide
Vaginal candidiasis and UTI
SE of __ aka ____
SGLT2 inhibitor, flozin
MOA
SFU are ___
Metformin dec ____
TZDs dec ____
DPP4 inhibitors aka __ inhibit degredation of ___
secretagogues
hepatic glucose prodxn
insulin resistance
gliptins, GLP1
MA man w bipolar disorder
inc thirst
labs show very high Na, urine osmolarity is exremely low
dx is _____
caused by ___
diabetes insipidus
lithium
Elderly woman, obtunded
less energetic, gained weight
low temp/BP/pulse
cold skin, delayed relaxation of DTR
dx is ___
myxedema coma
YA woman, palpitations/tremor
inc BP, wl, exophthalmos
nontender thyroid, low TSH, high T4
dx is _____
mechanism _____
may have thyroid ___
thyroid uptake is __/___
Graves
antibodies to TSH receptor
YA woman, sweating/palpitations
post pregnancy, thyroid is nontender/nonenlarged
low TSH, high T4, low I131 uptke
most likely dx is ____
post partum thyroiditis
MA woman, sweating/tremor/amenorrhea
inc BP, thyroid is normal
T4/T3 and TSH inc
cause of findigns _____
pituitary releases ___
thyroid releases ___
peripheral tissues form ____
pituitary adenoma
TSH
T4
T3
Tender thyroid post URI
dx is ___
viral thyroiditis
hyperthyroid sx, low uptake on scan, no URI
dx is ____
surreptitious levothyroxine
MA Woman, fever, high lymphocytes
PMH w hyperT, tx w PTU/propanolol
SE of PTU is ____
inc WBC/lymphocytes
elderly man, hospitalized for a month
resolved, in rehab facility
labs show low TSH/T4/T3
explanation for findings ___
euthyroid sick syndrome
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
inc level of ___
may have mutation in ___
assc w ___/___
calcitonin
RET
MEN 2A/MEN 2B
pt post thyroidectomy
spasms and tetany, paresthesias
chovsteks sign is present
cause of findings ____
hypoCa
elderly man, confused, smoking hx
Ca is elevated, lung nodule present
cause of high calcium
most likely type of cancer
induction of PTH rp
squamous cell carcinoma
MA woman, fatigue/wl
autoimmune thyroiditis, low BP, inc skin pigmentation
Na is low, K is high
dx is ____
Addison’s disease
ifnant, poor feeding/lethargy
low Na, high K, low glucose
enzyme that is defieint ____
21 alpha hydroxulase
MA woman, HA and inc thirst, fundus with AV nicking
low K, creatinine is normal, high BP
dx is ___
caused by overproduction of ___
hyperaldosteronism
aldosterone
elderly man, PM of smoking/alcohol
confused, lung nodule present
Na is low, urine Na is high
urine osmolality is normal
dx is _____
caused by inc ____
assc w ___
SIADH
ADH
SCLC
MA man, obtunded
very low sodium, too rapidly corrected, resultant paresis
cause of sx
CPM
YA woman, amenorrhea
PM of irregular periods, heavy/no bleeding
BMI inc, other lab findings normal
hirsutism
dx is ___
PCOS
elderly man, fatigue/dec libido
surgical removal fo pituitary tumor followed by radiation
BP/pulse low
labs normal
dx is ____
hypopituitarism
YA woman, amenorrhea
occasioanl HA/galactorrhea
prolactin level is high
most likely dx is ____
prolactinoma
pt w increasing joint pain, HA
inc shoe size, prominent forehead, broad nsoe, thick tongue, large hands/feet
dx is ____
elevated __ and ___
acromegaly
GH and IGF1
pt w fatigue/polyuria
PM of prolactinoma
FH of kindey stones
inc Ca, PTH
dx is ____
assc w __ such as gastrinoma, V, I
Triad
MEN 1
pancreatic tumors
VIPoma, insulinoma
hyperPTH, pituitary tumor, panc tumor
episodic headache, HTN, flushing/pallor, palpitations
dx is ___
high urine ___
use alpha antagonist ___ first
can be assc w __/___/___
Pheo
VMA
phenoxybenzamine
MEN 2A/Men 2B/ NF
diarrhea, flushing, wheezing
dx is ___
high ___
may also have __/__
carcinoid syndrome
5HIAA
appendiceal tumor/lung sx
Men 2A/2B triads
2A- MCT, Pheo, HyperPTH
2B- MCT, Pheo, ganglioneuromatosis
jaundice, hepatomegaly, cataracts, mental retardation, FTT
dx is ___
deficient in ___
inherited ____
Galactosemia
GALT
AR
painful muscle cramps post exercise, myoglobinuria
dx is __ aka glycogen storage disorder type __
defect in skeletal muscle ___
cant breakdown ____
McArdles, 5
glycogen phosphorylase
muscle glycogen
Cardiomegaly, systemic sx, early death
dx is ___ glycogen storage disorder type _
deficient in acid maltase aka ___
pompe dz, 2
lysosomal a 14 glucosidsae
severe fasting hypoGly, inc lactate, hepatomegaly
dx is ____ glycogen storage disorder type __
defect in ___
inherited ____
Von Gierkes, 1
glucose 6 phosphate
AR
developmental delay, look like a gargoyle, corneal clouding, HSM
dx is ___
deficient in ___ a mucopolysaccharidase
inherited ___
Hurlers
a-1-iduronidase
AR
mild developmental delay, HSM, no corneal clouding, aggressive behavior
dx is ___
inherited ____
defect in ___
Hunter sx
XR
iduronate sulfatase
HSM, aseptic necrosis of femur, bone pain
dx is ____
__ storage disorder
inherited ___
defect in ___
Gaucher
lysosomal
AR
glucocerebrosidase
HSM, progressive neurodegenration, cherry red macula
dx is ___
inherited ___
accumulate ___
Niemann pick
AR
sphingomyelin
progressive neurodegeneration, cherry red macula, no HSM
dx is ___
inherited ___
defect in ___ w __ accumulation
Tay sachs
AR
hexoaminidase, GM2 ganglioside
PN, dev delay, optic atrophy, globoid cells
dx is __
inherited ___
defect in ___
Krabbe’s dz
AR
galactocerebrosidase
PN, angiokeratomas, CV/renal dz
dx is ___
inherited ____
defect in ___
Fabrys
XR
a galactosidase A
central/peripheral demyelination w ataxia/dementia
dx is M____
inherited ____
defect in ___
accumulate ___
metachromatic leukodystrophy
AR
arylsulfatase A
cerebroside sulfate
36 w of gestation, pain and vaginal bleeding
uterus is tender
dx is ___
placental abbruption
painless vaginal bleedign around 30w
dx is ___
placenta overlies ____
placetna previa
interenal cervical os
severe, painless postpartum hemorrhae
previous C section/previa
dx is ____
placenta villi attach to ___
defect in ___
placenta accreta
myometrium
decidua basalis layer
painful massive postpartum hemorrhage
dx is ___
uterine rupture
post menopausal vaginal bleeding
dx is ___ until otherwise
need __ to confirm
endometrial cancer
biopsy
Ab pain, LMP was 6-8 w ago
UPT +, adnexal mass
dx is ____
ectopic preg
severe HTN after 20 w gestation
Proteinuria/end organ damage
dx is ____
w seizures, it becomes ___
preeclampsia
eclampsia
Preeclampsia, low platelets, inc LFT, hemolysis
dx is ____
HELLP syndrome
post partum complications include
D
C
P
A
depression
cardiomyopathy
Pulm edema
amniotic fluid embolus
cloudy amniotic fluid w septic newborn
dx is ___
group b strep
