neuroscience of mental illness Flashcards
what are CNS neurotransmitters?
- acetyle choline
- monoamines
- amino acids
- neuro-active peptides
where is ACh located in CNS?
- reticular formation
- basal forebrain
- basal ganglia
- anterior spinal roots
what may roles of ACh in the CNS include?
- cognition
- memory
- consciousness
- motor control
what are some diverse neural circuits of monamines?
- arousal
- cardiorespiratory controls
- reward
- affect
- motor control
what diseases are associated with low levels of ACh?
Huntington’s and dementia
what diseases are associated with monoamines?
schizophrenia and depression
what are the behavioural effects of neuropeptides?
- hunger/satiety
- sleep/wake cycle
- temp regulation
- pain modulation
- reward circuits
what are some possible contributing factors of cell impairments observed in mood disorders?
- genetic and neuro-developmental factors
- repeated affective episodes
- illness progression
what are some effects of monoamines balance with ACh?
- motor control
- mood
- thought processes
what is an agonist?
bind to receptors and have same effect as neurotransmitter
what is an antagonist?
interferes with binding and reduces effect
what are some psychoactive drugs used to treat mental illness?
- antidepressants
- mood stabilisers
- anxiolytics
- antipsychotics
where are most morphological changes in the brain associated with ageing occurring?
hippocampus and prefrontal cortex
what are some functional changes in brain associated with ageing?
- reduction in mental agility
- decline in naming ability
- decreased learning speed
what impairments is dementia characterised by in the brain?
- language
- memory
- perception
- personality
- cognitive skills
