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clinical science > anatomy wk 1-3 > Flashcards

anatomy wk 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the origin of pectoralis major?

A

sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-7

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2
Q

what is the insertion of pectoralis major?

A

intertubercular sulcus, greater tubercle of humerus

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3
Q

what is the pectoralis major the prime mover of?

A

arm flexion

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4
Q

what actions occur in the pectoralis major?

A

medial rotation, adduction, flexion

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5
Q

what is the origin of the deltoid?

A

lateral end of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

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6
Q

what is the insertion of the deltoid?

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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7
Q

what are the actions of the deltoid?

A
  • abduction (all fibres)
  • flexion/medial rotation (anterior fibres only)
  • extension/lateral rotation (posterior)
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8
Q

what nerve innervates the deltoid?

A

axillary

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9
Q

what is the origin of latissimus dorsi?

A

lower 6 thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs and iliac crest

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10
Q

what is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

A

inter-tubercular sulcus of humerus

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11
Q

what are the actions of the latissimus dorsi?

A

extension, adduction and medial rotation

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12
Q

what are the four rotator cuff muscles?

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis
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13
Q

what is the origin of the supraspinatus?

A

supraspinous fossa of scapula

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14
Q

what is the insertion of the supraspinatus?

A

greater tubercle of humerus

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15
Q

what actions are initiated by supraspinatus?

A

abduction, stabilises shoulder

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16
Q

what is the origin of infraspinatus?

A

infraspinous fossa of scapula

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17
Q

what is the insertion of infraspinatus?

A

greater tubercle of humerus

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18
Q

what actions are initiated by the infraspinatus?

A

lateral rotation of humerus, stabilises humeral head in glenoid cavity

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19
Q

what is the origin of teres minor?

A

lateral border of scapula

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20
Q

what is the insertion of teres minor?

A

greater tubercle of humerus

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21
Q

what is the action of teres minor?

A

lateral rotation of arm, stabilises humeral head

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22
Q

what is the origin of subscapularis?

A

subscapular fossa of scapula

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23
Q

what is the insertion of subscapularis?

A

greater tubercle of humerus

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24
Q

what is the actions of subscapularis?

A

medial rotation of humerus, stabilises humeral head

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25
Q

what are two synergists of the rotator muscles?

A

teres major and coracobrachialis

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26
Q

what is the origin of teres major?

A

posterior scapula at inferior angle

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27
Q

what is the insertion of teres major?

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

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28
Q

what are the actions of teres major?

A

extends, medially rotates and adducts

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29
Q

what muscle is teres major a synergist of?

A

latissimus dorsi

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30
Q

what is the origin of coarcobrachialis?

A

coracoid process of scapula

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31
Q

what is the insertion of coracobrachialis?

A

medial surface shaft of humerus

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32
Q

what are the actions of coracobrachialis?

A

flexion and adduction of humerus

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33
Q

what is coracobrachialis a synergist of?

A

pectoralis major

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34
Q

what is the origin of brachialis?

A

distal humerus

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35
Q

what is the insertion of the brachialis?

A

coronoid process of ulna

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36
Q

what is brachialis the prime mover of?

A

forearm flexion

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37
Q

what is brachialis innervated by?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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38
Q

what is the short head origin of the bicep brachii?

A

coracoid process

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39
Q

what is the long head origin of the bicep brachii?

A

supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

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40
Q

what is the insertion of bicep brachii?

A

common tendon into radial tuberosity of radius

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41
Q

what is the bicep brachii the prime mover of?

A

elbow flexion and supination

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42
Q

what is the bicep brachii innervated by?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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43
Q

what is the origin of brachioradialis?

A

lateral supracondylar ridge, distal end of humerus

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44
Q

what is the insertion of brachioradialis?

A

base of radial styloid process

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45
Q

what is brachioradialis a synergist of?

A

forearm flexion, stabilises elbow

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46
Q

what is brachoradialis innervated by?

A

radial nerve

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47
Q

what two muscles are prime pronators of the forearm?

A

pronator teres and quadratus

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48
Q

what is the long head origin of triceps brachii?

A

infraglenoid tubercle

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49
Q

what is the short head origin of triceps brachii?

A

lateral and medial heads, posterior shaft of humerus

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50
Q

what is the insertion of triceps brachii?

A

olecranon process

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51
Q

what is triceps brachii a prime mover of?

A

elbow extension

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52
Q

what is triceps brachii an antagonist for?

A

forearm flexors

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53
Q

what is triceps brachii innervated by?

A

radial nerve

54
Q

what does supinator assist the biceps brachii to do?

A

supinate forearm

55
Q

what is supinator an antagonist for?

A

pronator muscles

56
Q

what is the origin of flexor carpi radialis?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

57
Q

what is the insertion of flexor carpi radialis?

A

base of second and third metacarpals

58
Q

what movements occur in the flexor carpi radialis?

A

flexion, abduction

59
Q

what is flexor carpi radialis a weak synergist of?

A

elbow flexion

60
Q

what is flexor carpi radialis innervated by?

A

median nerve

61
Q

what is the origin of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon and posterior surface of ulna

62
Q

what is the insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

pisiform and hamate and base of fifth metacarpal

63
Q

what actions occur of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

flexion and adduction

64
Q

what is flexor carpi ulnaris innervated by?

A

ulnar nerve

65
Q

what is the origin of palmaris longus?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

66
Q

what is the insertion of palmaris longus?

A

palmar aponeurosis

67
Q

what action does palmaris longus cause at the wrist?

A

flexes hand

68
Q

what nerve innervates palmaris longus?

A

median nerve

69
Q

what is the origin of extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

lateral supracondylar ridge

70
Q

what is the origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

71
Q

what is the insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

base of second metacarpal

72
Q

what is the insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

third metacarpal

73
Q

what are the actions of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?

A

extend and abduct wrist

74
Q

what are extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis innervated by?

A

radial nerve

75
Q

what is the origin of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, radial shaft

76
Q

what is the insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

middle phalanges of fingers 2,3,4,5

77
Q

what action occurs at flexor digitorum superficialis muscle?

A

flexion at wrist and middle phalanges 2-5

78
Q

what nerve innervates flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

median

79
Q

what is the origin of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

coronoid process, anger-medial ulna, interosseous membrane

80
Q

what is the insertion of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

distal phalanges 2-5

81
Q

what action occurs for flexor

digitorum profundus?

A

flexes DIP joints

82
Q

what is flexor digitorum profundus innervated by?

A

ulnar nerve (medial half) and radial nerve (lateral half)

83
Q

what is the origin of flexor pollicus longus?

A

anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

84
Q

what is the insertion of flexor pollicus longus?

A

distal phalanx of thumb

85
Q

what are actions of flexor pollicus longus?

A

flexes distal phalanx of thumb

86
Q

what innervates flexor pollicus longus?

A

median nerve

87
Q

what is the origin of extensor digitorum?

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

88
Q

what is the insertion of extensor digitorum?

A

distal phalanges 2-5, extensor digit minimi extends little finger

89
Q

what actions are caused by the extensor digitorum?

A

prime mover of finger extension also abducts

90
Q

what nerve innervates extensor digitorum?

A

radial nerve

91
Q

what is the origin of extensor pollicus longus and brevis?

A

dorsal shaft of radius and ulna, interosseous membrane

92
Q

what are the insertions of pollicus brevis?

A

base of proximal phalanx of thumb

93
Q

what are the insertions of pollicus longus?

A

distal phalanx of thumb

94
Q

what is extensor pollicus longus and brevis the prime mover of?

A

thumb extension

95
Q

what is the origin of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior ulna

96
Q

what is the insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

base of fifth metacarpal

97
Q

what is extensor carpi ulnaris the prime mover of?

A

wrist extension and adduction

98
Q

what is the origin of abductor pollicus longus?

A

posterior radius and ulna, interosseous membrane

99
Q

what is the insertion of abductor pollicus longus?

A

base of first metacarpal and trapezium

100
Q

what actions occur in the abductor pollicus longus?

A

abducts and extends thumb

101
Q

what actions occur at the abductor pollicus brevis?

A

abducts thumb at carpometacarpal joint

102
Q

what actions occur at the abductor pollicus?

A

adducts thumb, helps oppose thumb

103
Q

what actions occur at the flexor pollicus brevis?

A

flexes thumb at carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joimts

104
Q

what actions occur in the opponens pollicus?

A

opposition of thumb

105
Q

what action occurs from abductor digiti minimi?

A

abducts little finger

106
Q

what actions occur from flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

flexes little finger

107
Q

whats actions occur from opponens digiti minimi?

A

helps oppose little finger to thumb

108
Q

what area is the intrinsic muscles of thenar eminence found on the palm?

A

ball of thumb

109
Q

what area is the intrinsic muscles of hypothenar eminence found on the palm?

A

ball of little finger

110
Q

what are the midpalm muscles?

A
  • lumbricals
  • palmar interossei
  • dorsal interossei
111
Q

what actions occur from the lumbricals?

A

flex fingers at MCP joints, extends fingers at IP joints

112
Q

what actions occur from the palmar interossei?

A

four muscles between metacarpals, adducts fingers

113
Q

what actions occur from the dorsal interossei?

A

four muscles between metacarpals deep to palmar interossei, abducts fingers

114
Q

what muscles are thigh flexors?

A
  • iliopsoas
  • tensor fascia latae
  • sartorius
115
Q

what is the origin of iliopsoas?

A

iliacus and psoas major

116
Q

what is the insertion of iliopsoas?

A

lesser trochanter via iliopsoas tendon

117
Q

what is the iliopsoas muscle a prime mover of?

A

thigh flexion

118
Q

what is the origin of tensor fascia latae?

A

iliac crest and ASIIS

119
Q

what is the insertion of tensor fascia latae?

A

upper tibia via the iliotibial tract

120
Q

what actions occur from the tensor fascia latae?

A

flexes, abducts, medially rotates thigh

121
Q

what does the tensor fascia latae stabilise?

A

hip and knee

122
Q

what action occurs from sartorius muscle?

A

flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of thigh

123
Q

what are the hamstring muscles?

A
  • biceps femoris
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
124
Q

what are the hamstring muscles the prime movers of?

A

extension

125
Q

what is the gluteus maximus a prime mover during?

A

forceful extension

126
Q

what action occurs from the gluteus maximus?

A

lateral rotation

127
Q

what action occurs from the gluteus medius?

A

medially rotates

128
Q

what action occurs from the gluteus minimus?

A

medially rotates

129
Q

what muscle is the sole extensor of the knee?

A

quadriceps femoris

130
Q

what movement does the ankle perform?

A

dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

131
Q

what movement do the intertarsal joints perform?

A

inversion and eversion of foot

132
Q

what movement do the toes perform?

A

flexion and extension

clinical science (7 decks)

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