Neuroscience 1

Question 0

which of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?

a) nourishment
b) signal transmission
c) structural support
d) insulation

Answer 0

b) signal transmission

neurons are responsible for signal transmission

Question 1

Which of the following is the part of the neuron that transmits a signal toward other neurons?

a) branching boutons
b) axon
c) cell body
d) dendrites

Answer 1

b) axon

Question 2

Which of the following will you find predominantly outside the neuron at the resting state?
Potassium - Yes or No
Organic Proteins - Yes or No
Chloride - Yes or No
Sodium - Yes or No

Answer 2

Chloride & Sodium are found primarily outside of cell

Question 3

Place the following steps of the action potential in order of sequence

1. sodium channels close
2. Voltage gated potassium channels begin to open
3. Sodium channels open
4. The potential difference of the neuron becomes positive
5. Potassium ions begin to flow out
6. The potential difference of the neuron dips below -70mV

Answer 3

1. Sodium channels open
2. The potential difference of the neuron becomes positive
3. Potassium ions begin to flow out
4. Voltage gated potassium channels begin to open
5. Sodium channels close
6. The potential difference of the neuron dips blow -70mV

Question 4

One way in which brain function might impact risk-taking behaviour might be through the strength of neural signals that pass through pleasure-related areas of the brain. Which of the following statements accurately describes a way in which signal strength might differ between siblings

a) neurons in one sibling’s pleasure-related brain areas might signal less enjoyment by firing action potentials that are lesser in amplitude than similar neurons in another siblings brain, thus requiring the one sibling to undertake riskier behaviours
b) pleasure-related neurons in one sibling’s brain and your brain may produce signals of different strength based on the number of action potentials generated in response to a particular stimulus
c) neurons in sibling’s pleasure-related brain areas might signal more enjoyment by firing action potentials that are greater in amplitude than similar neurons in your brain, thus giving him a bigger rush
d) pleasure-related neurons in sibling’s brain may be lacking node of Ranvier, such that action potentials are passed more quickly along neuronal axons without any loss of amplitude

Answer 4

b) action potentials code signal strength based on frequency not amplitude

Question 5

Which of the following describes the role of the Sodium Potassiump Pump?

a) removes 2 Na+ ions from the cell in exchange for 3 K+ ions
b) Removes 2 K+ ions from the cell in exchange for 3 Na+ ions
c) Removes 3 Na+ ions from the cell in exchange for 2 K+ ions
d) removes 3 K+ ions from the cell in exchange for 2 Na+ ions

Answer 5

c) helps maintain resting membrane potential

Question 6

Research on thrill seeking behaviour has identified a neurotransmitter called dopamine as playing a central role. As it turns out, dopamine is released when we experience enjoyable stimuli or engage in risk-taking behaviours. When someone routinely experiences lower than normal dopamine function, they may engage in more risky behaviours in order to get the same thrill that somebody else might receive fro expired yogurt. Which of the following would NOT explain the routine thrill-seeking behaviours enjoyed by Phil?

a) Some of the dopamine receptors on the post-synaptic neurons in Phil’s pleasure-related brain areas are not able to bind to dopamine as they should
b) the dopamine containing vesicles in Phil’s presynaptic neurons don’t contain as much dopamine as they should
c) the re-uptake mechanisms that typically take dopamine back into the presynaptic cleft after it has performed its function are not performing their job
d) THe dopamine vesicles in Phil’s presynaptic neurons often have trouble fusing with the cell membrane

Answer 6

c) this would leave dopamine in the synaptic cleft and increase signalling - not decrease

Question 7

Which of the following leads to hyperpolarization

a) an inhibitory presynaptic potential
b) an excitatory postsynaptic potential
c) an excitatory presynaptic potential
d) an inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Answer 7

d) An IPSP, or inhibitory postsynaptic potential, hyperpolarizes the target cell

Question 8

Which of the following membrane actions result from an IPSP?

a) Cl- channels opening, allowing chloride to leave
b) Na+ channels opening, allowing Na+ to enter
c) Cl- channels opening, allowing Cl- to enter
d) Na+ channels opening, allowing Na+ to leave

Answer 8

c) this channel allows Cl- to enter and moves it further from threshold

Question 9

Place the following stages of neural development in the correct order

• differentiation
• migration
• maturation
• neurogenesis

Answer 9

1. neurogenesis
2. migration
3. differentiation
4. maturation

Question 10

Which of the following is important for the migration of neural cells?

a) migratory neurogenesis
b) radial glia
c) the ventricular zone
d) founder cells

Answer 10

b) radial glia

the radial glia help to guide the neuron to its eventual destination