Neuroradiology/Head And Neck Flashcards by Enrhico Rivera

MC primary ADULT brain tumor

“MAO”

MENINGIOMA

“MAO”: 1. Meningioma, 2. Astrocytoma, 3. Oligo

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MC MALIGNANT ADULT Brain Tumor

GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME (GBM)

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Six Facial Nerve Branches?

“I love Going To Manila Philippines”
“Go To Manila normally enhance”

Intracanalicular
Labyrinthe
Geniculate - normally enhance
Tympanic - normally enhance
Mastoid - normally enhance
Parotid

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Foramen Rotundum and Foramen Ovale nerve contents

“RotaMax and Ovaman”

Foramen Rotundum
- Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve

Foramen Ovale
- Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

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San level nagpipierce ang stensen’s duct sa buccinator?

Upper (maxillary) 2nd molar

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Not a COLLISION TUMOR?

GLIOSARCOMA

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Origin of Ependymoma and Medulloblastoma?

“FERM”

Ependymoma sa FLOOR galing

Medulloblastoma sa ROOF galing

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Bukol na may tiger stripe pattern?

LDD

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Disease na may eye of the tiger sign?

PKAN and Organophosphate poisoning

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Mass na pwede sabay sella/suprasella at pineal gland?

Germinoma

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MC overall cancer of infants

NEUROBLASTOMA

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Lesion na may hair on end spicules ng periosteal bone?

NEUROBLASTOMA (neuro is head so related sa hair)

Pwede din sa Ewing’s

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Neck cyst na related sa mga WIND BLOWING instrument user?

LARYNGOCOELE

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Neck cyst na may tail sign?

Diving ranula

Ang ranula sa sublingual space lang (bulk)
pag diving , nag dive siya sa submandibular at minsan sa
parapharyngeal space
SIMPLE RANULA
anterior and above the mylohyoid
DIVING RANULA
posterior to the mylohyoid

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Chromosome affected in VHL?

3 letters ang VHL

- Kaya CHROMOSOME 3

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Location ng 1st branchial cleft cyst?

Periparotid

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LI,M.D. - Hernia specialist

Lateral to the inferior epigastric vein: INDIRECT HERNIA

Medial to the inferior epigastric vein: DIRECT HERNIA

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Most important nerve sa carotid space ?

Vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve 10)

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MC, 2nd MC and 3rd MC cause of proptosis?

Pseudotumor
Cavernous Hemangioma
Orbital Lymphoma

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Leukemia masses are called?

Chloromas

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Big Five (Pituitary Brain tumors)

“MaMe AsAn Ca”
mommy asan ka?

Macroadenoma, 
Meningioma, 
Aneurysm, 
Astrocytoma, 
Craniopharyngioma

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MC complication of chronic sinusitis?

Polyps

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Difference of Craniopharyngioma and Rathke Cleft Cyst?

Calcification

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MC nonglial tumor in children?

Craniopharyngioma

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Largest and most developed sinus group at birth "ME First"

Maxillary sinus

MC primary intraocular malignancy in adult?

Uveal Melanoma

Direction of myelination ng brain? "My Bestfriend IS a 20y/o CutiePie"

``` Myelination Back to Front Inferior to Superior 20 weeks myelination Central to Peripheral ```

DureT Hemorrhage (type of brain herniation)

Descending Transtentorial Herniation

MEN Type 1: "PPP" MEN Type 2a (Sipple Syndrome): "PPM" MEN Type2b (Mucosal Neuroma Syndrome): "PMM"

I: "PPP" - Pituitary, Parathyroid, Pancreas 2a: "PPM" - Parathyroid hyperplasia - Pheochromocytoma (50%) - Medullary carcinoma of thyroid (almost 100%) 2b: "PMM" - Pheochromocytoma - Medullary carcinoma of thyroid - Mucosal neuroma = oral + intestinal neurogangliomatosis; pathognomonic (Marfanoid facies)

Swiss cheese sign (neuro)

Central Neurocytoma

5 components of the Ostiomeatal Unit "AEIOU" or "BUHIM"

1. hiAtus semilunaris 2. Ethmoid bulla 3. Infundibulum 4. maxillary Ostium 5. Uncinate process (removed during FESS) OR 1. ethmoid Bulla 2. Uncinate process (removed during FESS) 3. Hiatus semilunaris 4. Infundibulum 5. Maxillary ostium

Extra-axial hemorrhage which crosses midline but does not cross suture lines?

EPIDURAL hemorrhage

Extra-axial hemorrhage which DOES NOT CROSS MIDLINE | but crosses suture lines?

SUBDURAL and SUBGALEAL hematoma

Pneumocephalus type described as: - Unilateral, solitary - Biconvex - Does not move with changes in head position

Epidural pneumocephalus

Pneumocephalus type described as: - Bilateral - Crescentic - Moves - Air-fluid levels - Surrounds cortical veins

Subdural pneumocephalus

MC cause of Temporal lobe epilepsy

Mesial Temporal Sclerosis

DDx for CPA mass (give 4)

- Schwannoma - Meningioma - Metastasis - Vascular

Frontal lobe mass with CALCIFICATION

Oligodendroglioma

Butterfly tumors (4)

- GBM - Lymphoma - Mets - Tumefactive Demyelination

DDx for "Cyst + Mural nodule" brain lesions (give 6)

- Ganglioglioma - Mets - GBM - Pilocytic Astrocytoma - Hemangioblastoma - Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

MC CP cistern mass

Vestibular Schwannoma

MC suprasellar tumor of childhood

Craniopharyngioma

MC non-glial neoplasm in childhood

Craniopharyngioma

MC intracranial germ cell tumor?

Germinoma

MC pineal parenchymal tumor

Pineocytoma

MC primary intraventricular neoplasm in young and middle aged adults

Central Neurocytoma

2nd MC cause of tumor related temporal lobe epilepsy

DNET

MC cause of tumor related temporal lobe epilepsy

Ganglioglioma

3rd MC glial neoplasm

Oligodendroglioma

3rd MC posterior fossa tumor

Ependymoma

MC malignant posterior fossa tumor of childhood

Medulloblastoma

MC malignant CNS neoplasm of childhood?

MEDULLOBLASTOMA

2nd MC overall pediatric brain tumor?

Medulloblastoma (MC is Astrocytoma)

WHO Grade IV lesions (give 4) "GaGo Pekpek Mo APAT"

- GBM - Gliosarcoma - Pineoblastoma - Medulloblastoma "GaGo Pekpek Mo APAT"

WHO Grade III (give 4)

- Anaplastic Astrocytoma - Choroid Plexus CA - Malignant Meningioma - Pineal Parenchymal Tumor of Indeterminate Differentiation "AnaCho Mame PP aT TATLO" (anak ko mommy pipi at tatlo)

WHO Grade II (give 8) "DALAWANG Pi-L-O-E-C-A Gamit PangGangbang"

- Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma - Low Grade Diffuse Astrocytoma - Oligodendroglioma - Ependymoma - Central Neurocytoma - Atypical Meningioma - Germinoma - Pineal Parenchymal Tumor of Indeterminate Differentiation - Ganglioma "DALAWANG Pi-L-O-E-C-A Gamit PangGangbang"

WHO Grade I

- Typical Meningioma - Pilocytic Astrocytoma - SEGA - Subependymoma - Myxopapillary Ependymoma - Choroid Plexus Papilloma - Ganglioglioma - DNET - Dysplastic Cerebellar Gangliocytoma - Schwannoma - Neurofibroma - Pineocytoma - Craniopharyngioma - Hemangioblastoma

Neurofibromatosis 1

Plexiform Neurofibroma (pathognomonic)

Neurofibromatosis 2

Bilateral Vestibular Schwannoma (pathognomonic)

Alobar Holoprosencephaly

``` Falx cerebri - absent Interhemispheric fissure - absent Septum pellucidum - absent Ventricles - Monoventricle Thalami, Basal ganglia - fused ```

Semilobar Holoprosencephaly

Falx cerebri - partial Interhemispheric fissure - partial Septum pellucidum - absent Ventricles - rudimentary occipital and temporal horns (H-shaped) Thalami, Basal ganglia - partially separated

Lobar Holoprosencephaly

Falx cerebri - well formed Interhemispheric fissure - present, some anteroinferior fusion Septum pellucidum - absent Ventricles - squared off, dysplastic frontal horn Thalami, Basal ganglia - separated