Genitourinary Tract Imaging Flashcards
MC cause of renovascular HTN
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
- followed by FMD(Fibromuscular Dysplasia);
string of pearl sign in the arteries (common FMD finding)
Adrenal Adenomas vs Adrenal Mets
Adenomas - Early contrast washout
Mets - Slow contrast washout
In color Doppler UTZ, until what renal artery segment can it detect?
ARCUATE ARTERY
Clinical Triad of Tuberous Sclerosis (TS)?
“MEA-TS”
- Mental retardation
- Epilepsy
- facial Angiofibroma
MC common renal fusion anomaly?
“I’MA be ‘gon Horseback riding”
HORSESHOE KIDNEY
- ascent is prevented by the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
DIAGNOSIS?
CT: central stellate scar
Angiography: spoke wheel pattern of vessels
RENAL ONCOCYTOMA
MC renal mass?
Simple Renal Cyst
Most common renal pelvic tumor (mostly malignant)?
TRANSITIONAL CELL CA
MC Primary tumor site producing solid renal mets
LUNG CA
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Triad
(BEAR PAW SIGN)
“X General Practitioner SCaM”
- Staghorn Calculus
- Absent or diminished excretion of contrast medium
- poorly defined renal Mass
Most common bacterial infection involving kidney?
ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS
Potter’s syndrome
Bilateral renal AGENESIS
Putty Kidney
Renal TB
MC cause of Chronic Pyelonephritis
In children? In adults?
In children: VUR
In Adults: calculi and chronic obstruction
Most frequent site of extrapulmonary TB?
URINARY TRACT
Primary cause of renal failure in HIV Patients?
HIV Nephropathy
-
RENAL STONES*
1. Staghorn calculi stones?
2. Stones which recurs quickly (“RUSH”)?
3. MC renal stones (give 2).
4. Give the three Radiolucent stones on conventional films
5. Type of stones in Congenital Cystinuria
- Struvite
- bRUSHite
- CaOx and CaPO4
- Uric Acid, Xanthine, and Indinavir
- Cystine
WEIGERT-MEYER RULE
“UO” or “Urine Output”
(Drooping lily sign)
Upper Pole moiety: Obstructs (ends as a ureterocoele)
- inferomedial insertion
Lower pole moiety: Refluxes (Drooping lily sign)
Carney’s Triad?
“CLaP”
- pulmonary Chondroma
- gastric Leiomyosarcoma
- functioning extra-Adrenal Pheochromocytoma
Most common primary renal malignancy?
RCC (clear cell type)
- chromophobe type (best prognosis)
Prostate gland
P for Patay; T for Thick
Peripheral zone: MC site of prostatic adenoCA
- baseball-catcher glove
Transitional zone: MC site of BPH
- Hindi kita sa ultrasound probe
Male urethral segments
“PPM”
“ABP”
PPM
- Posterior: Prostatic, Membranous (shortest segment)
ABP
- Anterior: Bulbous , Penile
Cell type in urAchal carcinoma?
Adenocarcinoma
Fistula from….
Complication of Diverticulitis?
Of gynecological surgery especially of cervical CA?
Attributable to Crohn’s disease?
- Vesicolonic fistula
- Vesicovaginal fistula
- Vesicoenteric fistula
Meig’s Syndrome
Associated with ascites and pleural effusion in patient’s with ovarian fibromas
Rokitansky nodule
Teratoma (MC germ cell neoplasm of the ovary)
A-D-PKD (Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease)
“D for Disastrous”
- Kidneys enlarged, replaced by multiple, bilateral,
asymmetrical cysts of VARYING SIZES
Most common hereditary renal disorder
ADPKD
MC curable cause of htn?
Renal Artery Stenosis
Retinal angiomatosis, CNS hemangioblastomas,
pheochromocytomas, RCC
- RCC usually multifocal and bilateral
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
- Renal cysts most common finding
Mental retardation, seizures, facial nevus flammeus
(adenoma sebaceum)
- Associated w/ AML and RCC
Tuberous Sclerosis
MC form of simple renal ectopy
PELVIC KIDNEY in which the kidney is located in the true pelvis
or anterior to the sacrum (sacral kidney)
MC renal anomaly
HORSESHOE KIDNEY
MC cause of an abdominal mass in a neonate (dunnick)
CONGENITAL UPJ OBSTRUCTION
CIRCUMCAVAL URETER results when the ____ vein persists and forms the major portion of the vena cava
SUBCARDINAL VEIN
Most frequently occurring congenital anomaly in the urinary tract (dunnick)
Partial Duplication
Faceless kidney
Duplex collecting system
MC abnormality associated with complete duplications
REFLUX INTO THE LOWER MOIETY
Drooping Lily sign
DUPLEX COLLECTING SYSTEM
Cobra-head or Spring onion deformity
URETEROCELE
Most causes of pseudoureterocele are acquired;
MC cause of pseudoureterocele is ______.
STONE IMPACTED IN THE DISTAL URETER
producing a zone of edema around the ureteral orifice,
which mimics a true ureterocele
MC congenital bladder lesion
EXSTROPHY
HURLEY STICK DEFORMITY of the distal ureters just proximal to the ureterovesical junctions
BLADDER EXSTROPHY
HUTCH Diverticulum
Congenital Bladder Diverticulum
Umbilical attachment of the bladder which normally becomes a completely obliterated fibrous cord (umbilical ligament)
URACHUS
Abnormal structure which allows flow of urine from the bladder to the umbilicus
PATENT URACHUS
Segmental failure of closure of the urachus at the bladder attachment
URACHOCELE or diverticulum in the dome of the bladder
Failure of urachus closure at the umbilical attachment
UMBILICAL SINUS
Failure of urachus closure in any other part of the duct
URACHAL CYST
MEYER-WEIGERT LAW
IDENTIFY THE MOIETY INVOLVED.
- ureter is ectopic
- enters bladder inferiorly and medially
- may obstruct
“UO”
UPPER Pole Moiety
“UO”
- Upper pole Obstructs
MEYER-WEIGERT LAW
IDENTIFY THE MOIETY INVOLVED.
- ureter is orthotopic
- may reflux
Lower pole moiety
Posterior urethral valve types
Identify the types of the following:
A. Iris diaphragm across distal prostatic urethra
B. Proximal Leaflets - probably acquired
C. MOST COMMON; leaflets from distal veromontanum to urethral wall
Posterior urethral valve types:
TYPE III - Iris diaphragm across distal prostatic urethra
TYPE II - Proximal Leaflets - probably acquired
TYPE I - MOST COMMON; leaflets from distal veromontanum to urethral wall
MC ectopic position for the undescenced testicle
INGUINAL CANAL
