Neurophysiology L1: Structure and Function of the Nervous System and Neuroglia Flashcards
What are the 5 afferent divisions of the PNS?
- Perception of limbs, muscles, joints (proprioception)
- Touch
- Pressure
- Temperature
- Movements
What is the visceral (stimulus)?
- Maintains homeostasis (steady state)
- When sleeping (HR)
What is the visceral (stimulus)?
• Maintains homeostasis (steady state) o When sleeping (HR)
What are the 3 efferent divisions of the PNS?
- Motor neurons
- State of heart, organs
- Acceleration, deceleration
The efferent division of the PNS controls ______.
“Effector” organs
The efferent division is split into 2 systems. What are they?
- Somatic
- Autonomic
The autonomic nervous system into 2 systems. What are they?
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
What are motor neurons of the somatic nervous system in charge of?
Skeletal muscles –> effector organs (made up of muscle and gland tissue)
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in charge of?
- Smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Glands
–> effector organs (made up of muscle and gland tissue)
What are the 4 types of neurons?
- anaxonic
- bipolar
- unipolar
- multipolar
What is an anaxonic neuron?
- Processor = receives info and sends to other neurons
- Don’t know whwere axon or dentrite is
What is a bipolar neuron?
- Cell soma passes through
- Interneurons or in the brain
What is a unipolar neuron?
- Sensory
- Dentrites- sensory fibres
- Cell soma appendage- goes through
- Dorsal part- synaptic terminals
What is a multipolar neuron?
- Typical
- Large cell soma
- Dentrites
- Increase no. of input, interneurons, synapses
- 1.2 m long
What are the 4 functional, structure features of neurons?
- Regardless of shape, all the same functionally
- Local potentials are too small/weak
- Cant generate info 1.2 m away
- Action potential is required
What is the directional flow of signals from stimulus to muscles?
(one way)
Stimulus –> Sensory –> dorsal root ganglion –> dorsal horn –> interneurons (excite/inhibit) –> Motorneurons –> Effector cells –> muscles
What are the 7 types of neuroglia?
- Satellite cells
- Schwaan cells
- Oligodendrocytes
- Astrocytes
- Microglia
- Ependymal cells
- Glial cells
How many neuroglia are related to the CNS? Which ones?
2 types
- Satellite cells
- Schwaan cells
How many neuroglia are related to the PNS? Which ones?
5 types
- Oligodendrocytes
- Astrocytes
- Microglia
- Ependymal cells
- Glial cells
What are satellite cells?
- Surround neuron cell body
- In ganglia
- Regulates O2, CO2, nutrients, neurotransmitter levels
What are Schwaan cells?
- Surrounds all axons in PNS
- Responsible for myelination
- Allows for action potential to travel long distance
- Participates in repair process (after injury)
What are oligodendrocytes?
- Myelinates CNS
- Structural framework
What are astrocytes?
- Maintain blood-brain barried
- Structural support
- Regulates ion, nutrient and dissolved ion conc.
- Absorb/recycle neurotransmitter
- Form scar tissue (after injury)
What are microglia?
- Remove cell debris, waste, pathogen (phagocytosis)
- Similar to macrophage
What are ependymal cells?
- Lines ventricles, central canal (brain and spinal cord)
- Produce/circulate/monitor CSF
- Electrical
What are glial cells?
- Maintains nutrients
- Structure support
- Neurotransmitters absorbed
- Clean up
- Myelination
If injury occurs and environment is no longer suitable, what happens?
Even if new cells are created, it can not be maintained because of the unsuitable environment
