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PHYL2062 > Neurophysiology L1: Structure and Function of the Nervous System and Neuroglia > Flashcards

Neurophysiology L1: Structure and Function of the Nervous System and Neuroglia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 afferent divisions of the PNS?

A
  1. Perception of limbs, muscles, joints (proprioception)
  2. Touch
  3. Pressure
  4. Temperature
  5. Movements
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2
Q

What is the visceral (stimulus)?

A
  • Maintains homeostasis (steady state)
    • When sleeping (HR)
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3
Q

What is the visceral (stimulus)?

A

• Maintains homeostasis (steady state) o When sleeping (HR)

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4
Q

What are the 3 efferent divisions of the PNS?

A
  1. Motor neurons
  2. State of heart, organs
  3. Acceleration, deceleration
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5
Q

The efferent division of the PNS controls ______.

A

“Effector” organs

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6
Q

The efferent division is split into 2 systems. What are they?

A
  1. Somatic
  2. Autonomic
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7
Q

The autonomic nervous system into 2 systems. What are they?

A
  1. Sympathetic
  2. Parasympathetic
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8
Q

What are motor neurons of the somatic nervous system in charge of?

A

Skeletal muscles –> effector organs (made up of muscle and gland tissue)

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9
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in charge of?

A
  • Smooth muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Glands

–> effector organs (made up of muscle and gland tissue)

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10
Q

What are the 4 types of neurons?

A
  1. anaxonic
  2. bipolar
  3. unipolar
  4. multipolar
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11
Q

What is an anaxonic neuron?

A
  • Processor = receives info and sends to other neurons
  • Don’t know whwere axon or dentrite is
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12
Q

What is a bipolar neuron?

A
  • Cell soma passes through
  • Interneurons or in the brain
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13
Q

What is a unipolar neuron?

A
  • Sensory
  • Dentrites- sensory fibres
  • Cell soma appendage- goes through
  • Dorsal part- synaptic terminals
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14
Q

What is a multipolar neuron?

A
  • Typical
  • Large cell soma
  • Dentrites
    • Increase no. of input, interneurons, synapses
  • 1.2 m long
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15
Q

What are the 4 functional, structure features of neurons?

A
  1. Regardless of shape, all the same functionally
  2. Local potentials are too small/weak
  3. Cant generate info 1.2 m away
  4. Action potential is required
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16
Q

What is the directional flow of signals from stimulus to muscles?

A

(one way)

Stimulus –> Sensory –> dorsal root ganglion –> dorsal horn –> interneurons (excite/inhibit) –> Motorneurons –> Effector cells –> muscles

17
Q

What are the 7 types of neuroglia?

A
  1. Satellite cells
  2. Schwaan cells
  3. Oligodendrocytes
  4. Astrocytes
  5. Microglia
  6. Ependymal cells
  7. Glial cells
18
Q

How many neuroglia are related to the CNS? Which ones?

A

2 types

  1. Satellite cells
  2. Schwaan cells
19
Q

How many neuroglia are related to the PNS? Which ones?

A

5 types

  1. Oligodendrocytes
  2. Astrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal cells
  5. Glial cells
20
Q

What are satellite cells?

A
  • Surround neuron cell body
  • In ganglia
  • Regulates O2, CO2, nutrients, neurotransmitter levels
21
Q

What are Schwaan cells?

A
  • Surrounds all axons in PNS
  • Responsible for myelination
    • Allows for action potential to travel long distance
  • Participates in repair process (after injury)
22
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A
  • Myelinates CNS
  • Structural framework
23
Q

What are astrocytes?

A
  • Maintain blood-brain barried
  • Structural support
  • Regulates ion, nutrient and dissolved ion conc.
  • Absorb/recycle neurotransmitter
  • Form scar tissue (after injury)
24
Q

What are microglia?

A
  • Remove cell debris, waste, pathogen (phagocytosis)
  • Similar to macrophage
25
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A
  • Lines ventricles, central canal (brain and spinal cord)
  • Produce/circulate/monitor CSF
  • Electrical
26
Q

What are glial cells?

A
  • Maintains nutrients
  • Structure support
  • Neurotransmitters absorbed
  • Clean up
  • Myelination
27
Q

If injury occurs and environment is no longer suitable, what happens?

A

Even if new cells are created, it can not be maintained because of the unsuitable environment

PHYL2062 (17 decks)

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