Neurophysiology III

Question 1

Calcium (Ca2+)

Answer 1

Ions necessary for neurotransmitter release in the presynaptic membrane
- Also important for gene expression

Question 1

Ionotropic Receptors (Ligand-gated Ion Channel)

Answer 1

Open when bound by a neurotransmitter

Question 2

Metabotropic Receptors

Answer 2

Activate G proteins when bound by neurotransmitter

Question 3

Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)

Answer 3

Enzyme that binds to excess neurotransmitters to break it apart

Question 4

Transporter Proteins

Answer 4

Proteins that bind to excess neurotransmitters and return it to the cell to be repackaged into a vesicle

Question 5

Autoreceptors

Answer 5

Receptors that bind to excess neurotransmitters and slow down neurotransmitter release at synapse

Question 6

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

Answer 6

Depolarization of neuron caused by neurotransmitter release (ex: Na+ ions enter neuron)

Question 7

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)

Answer 7

Hyperpolarization caused by neurotransmitter release (ex: Cl- ions enter neuron)

Question 8

Process of Membrane Fusion for Neurotransmitter Release

Answer 8

1. T-SNARE & V-SNARE bind
2. Calcium binds to Synaptotagmin
3. Complex cranks vesicle down
4. Vesicle membrane fuses with presynaptic membrane

Question 9

V-SNARE & Synaptotagmin Proteins

Answer 9

Proteins found on synaptic vesicle

Question 10

T-SNARE

Answer 10

Protein found on presynaptic membrane

Question 11

Opening of Ionotropic Receptors

Answer 11

1. Neurotransmitter binds
2. Ion channel opens
3. Ions flow across membrane

Question 12

Opening of Ion Channel with Metabotropic Receptors

Answer 12

1. Neurotransmitter binds
2. G-protein activated
3. G-protein subunits binds to effector protein
4. Effector protein sends secondary messenger to open ion channel
5. Ions flow across membrane