Functional Neuroanatomy I Flashcards
An overview of morphological terminology, particularly of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
Gray Matter
Consists of dendritic spines, dendrites, cell bodies, and axon terminals
- called Nuclei in Central Nervous System
- called Ganglion in Peripheral Nervous System
White Matter
Consists of myelinated axons
- called Tract in Central Nervous System
- called Nerves in Peripheral Nervous System
Afferent
Information from body carried up the spinal cord towards Central Nervous System
Efferent
Information from the Central Nervous System carried down the spinal cord towards the body
Peripheral Nervous System
All parts of the nervous system found outside the skull and spinal column
Central Nervous System
Consists of brain and spinal cord
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Rest & Digest
- Generates and stores energy
- Reduces energy expenditure
- Acetylcholine released
Sympathetic Nervous System
Fight or Flight
- Prepares the organism for action
- Norepinephrine & epinephrine released
Somatic Nervous System
Controls voluntary muscle movement
- Efferent signal from primary motor cortex travels down spinal cord to skeletal muscle
Optic Cranial Nerve
Carries sensory information for vision
Trigeminal Cranial Nerve
Carries sensory and motor information of face, sinuses, and teeth
- Controls jaw and facial muscles
Vestibulocochlear Cranial Nerve
Innervates inner ear
- Carries sensory information for sensation and balance
Vagus Cranial Nerve
Sensory and motor Information from internal organs
Meninges
The three outer layers of the brain
Dura Mater
The outermost membrane directly underneath the skull
Arachnoid Mater
The membrane directly underneath Dura Mater and above Pia Mater
Subarachnoid Space
Location where cerebrospinal fluid circulates
- Aids in impact absorption
- Filtration Mechanism
Pia Mater
The membrane that forms a border between blood-vessels and the brain
Frontal Lobe
Lobe involved in motor control, executive function, and planning
Parietal Lobe
Lobe involved in sensation, orientation in space, and mapping of inner organs (homonculus)
Occipital Lobe
Lobe involved in visual processing
Temporal Lobe
Lobe involved in auditory processing, language, and memory
Cerebellum
Contains half the neurons of the brain and is important for movement coordination
Central Sulcus
Separates:
- Frontal and Parietal Lobes
- Prefrontal Cortex and Somatosensory Cortex
Sylvian Fissure
Separates:
- Temporal and Parietal Lobes
