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MBBS 2 > Neurophysiology +Head and Neck > Flashcards

Neurophysiology +Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

PNS

A

Connect CNS with body

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2
Q

Effectors

A

Muscle ,glands

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3
Q

Integrative function of brain

A

Channelise and processing of sensory information to carry desired response of nervous sustem

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4
Q

Where are sensory info stored for future use

A

Cerebral cortex

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5
Q

Synapse

A

Communicating pathway between 2 neurons

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6
Q

Function of synpase

A

Storage of info,facilitatiion,determine direction of impulse

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7
Q

Facilitation reaction

A

Passage of impulse become easier if same impulse travels through he synapse again and again

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8
Q

Major levels of Ns

A

*Spinal cord(walking,reflexes)
*lower brain(subconscious activity)
*higher brain(conscious activity)

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9
Q

Synapse tyoes

A

Electrical,Chemical

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10
Q

Difference between the 2 synapses

A

Most are chemical synapses in body,ion channel/neurotransmitter,smooth muscle/CNS,bi /unidirectional,

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11
Q

Vesicles formed in

A

Preshnlatic terminal

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12
Q

Neurotransmitter getting energy from

A

Mitochondria (also provide acetyl group)

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13
Q

Receptor type differnce

A

Ionotropic /metabotropic,ion channel gating/2nd messenger system,immediate changes/prolonged changes

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14
Q

Function of g protein

A

Act as 2nd messenger,causes ‘ effluent,gene transcription,enzyme activate

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15
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical substance that releases from presynpatic termical to carry information to post synaptic terminal thereby sending impulse forward when an ap comes

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16
Q

Which small neurotransmitter does not store in vehicle etc

A

NO perform metabolic function causes neuronal excitation faster does not disturb Membran potential

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17
Q

Neurotransmitter tyoes and difference

A

Smaller/large, fast acting/slow acting,more quantity/less,less potent/more,cytoplasm synthesis/ribosome synthesis,excitatory or inhibit/(Incrase or decrease receptor no,gene activation or deactivate,prolonged opening of ion channels,metabolic function),glutamate dopamine etc/Hypothalamus releasing hoemones

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18
Q

Which hormones excitatory and inhibitory

A

ACH,Norepinephrine

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19
Q

RMP of Nervous system and PNS

A

-65/-90

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20
Q

Nernst potential

A

It opposes and stops diffusion of sodium ion into neurom

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21
Q

RMP Mantained by

A

NA K pump

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22
Q

Soma imp

A

No resistance electrical conductivity high ap generate here at initial axon terminal has pumps no pumps in soma

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23
Q

What influx causes neurotransmitter to release due to ap

A

Calcium

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24
Q

Presynaptoc inhibition

A

Anion influx instead of Calcium

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25
Q

Characteristics of synaptic transmission

A

Fatigue,PH(alkalosis epilepsy,acidosis coma),Oxygen,drugs,synaptic delay

26
Q

Types of sensory receptors

A

Mechano,chemo,thermo,nociceptor,electromagnetic

27
Q

Labelled line principle

A

Predetermined route from its receptor to its part of brain for the specific action potential

28
Q

Differentiate mechanism

A

Specificity of recepto for its stimulus

29
Q

Transdduction

A

Convert any energy to electrical

30
Q

Receptor potential

A

Change in resting membrane potential due to electrical energy.This is due to change in membrane characterise.

31
Q

Adaptation of receptor

A

Receptor get used to stimuli e.g pacinian,hair.their intensity and how fast they detect stimuli decrease

32
Q

Tonic receptor

A

Slowly adapt

33
Q

Rate/Movement/physical receptor

A

Quickly adapt

34
Q

Summation

A

Increase intensity of signal for transmiss To higher brain level

35
Q

Types of summations

A

Spatial:summation of nerve terminal/stimuli
Temporal:summation of frequency

36
Q

Neuronal pool

A

Group of Neurons in NS

37
Q

Neuronal pool divergence

A

Process through which weak signal Fiber pass their energy on to further fibres leaving a pool to transmit signal.

38
Q

Neuronal pool convergence

A

Different nerve fibres give signal to 1 neuronal body

39
Q

Continuous signal outlut reason

A

Long acting synaptic neurotransmitter,positive feedback cycle and not inhibited,cell threshold decreases

40
Q

Neuronal pool exhaustion in brain causes

A

Epilepsy

41
Q

How is it prevented neuronal pool exhaustion

A

Fatigue,inhibitory circuits in basal ganglia

42
Q

Brod Mann area

A

Small divisions of cerebral cortex area(50).histologically and functionally different

43
Q

Visual signals received by

A

17,18,19 occipital lobe

44
Q

Auditory signals received by

A

41,42 temporal lobe

45
Q

Highest receptors in body

A

Lips face

46
Q

Input impulses go to which layer of cortex

A

4

47
Q

Descending tract start from which layer of cortex

A

6

48
Q

Sterognosis

A

Ability to sense shape of object

49
Q

Amorphosynthesis

A

Sensory deficit due to damage to association area

50
Q

Pain

A

Uncomforta Sensation caused by tissue damage

51
Q

Pain receptor

A

Free nerve endings - superficial
Slow chronic pain receptors - deep

52
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

Pain receptors do not adapt instead their sensitivity increases due to incoming stimulus

53
Q

Main cause of. Pain

A

Bradykinin, k conc ,proteolytic enzyme conc

54
Q

Pain produced due to

A

Tissue ischemia,muscle spasm

55
Q

Nepspinothalmic pathway

A

Fast pain

56
Q

Paleospinothamiv patheay

A

Slow pain

57
Q

Condotomy

A

Cut pain pathway

58
Q

Analgesia system

A

Suppressing pain signal pathway

59
Q

Neurotransmitter released in analgesia system which causes supression

A

Enkephalins main,serotonin

60
Q

Moriphine like agent in body

A

Opiate

MBBS 2 (7 decks)

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