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MBBS 2 > GIT,Physiology > Flashcards

GIT,Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Food ingestion depends on

A

Hunger and appetite

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2
Q

Difference between hunger and appetite

A

Hunger:No specific food desire,can eat anything
Appetite:Desire to eat specific food e.g chicken,omelette

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3
Q

Layers of GIT and name them

A

4:in to out
1)mucosa(epithelium +CT+some muscles)
2)submucosa(CT)
3)Muscularis Externa(inner circular smooth muscle,outer longitudinal smooth muscle)————>motor control
4)serosa/Serosa adventitia (CT)

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4
Q

Syncytium caused by

A

Gap junctions in muscle bundle

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5
Q

Smooth muscle bundle
A) dia of Fiber and length?
B)number of fiver in bundle

A

Dia:2 -10 micrometer
Length:200 to 5 micrometer
No:1000

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6
Q

Types of waves in git and caused by

A

A)Slow waves——>Na channels in Interstitial cells of cajal
B)Spike potential——->Na Ca Channels

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7
Q

Frequency of slow waves

A

3 [stomach)
12(duodenum)
9 (terminal ileum)

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8
Q

Threshold of spike potential

A

-40

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9
Q

Stimulus of depolarisation

A

Muscle stretch,Ach released by parasympathetic endings,hormones

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10
Q

Hyperpolarisation (no git motility,cells less excited) caused by

A

Epinephrine,norepinephrine released in stress condition,Sypatethic stimulation

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11
Q

Tone

A

Partial state of contraction

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12
Q

Tonic contraction caused by

A

Excessive spike potential due to stimulus or hormones

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13
Q

Nervous system of GIT

A

Enteric Nervous System

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14
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitter of myenteric plexus

A

VIP(vasoactive intestinal peptide)

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15
Q

Components and functions of enteric nervous system

A

2:
Meißners:bwMuscles Control git movement and motility
Meisters:in submucosa control local hormone secretion,blood flow,absorption

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16
Q

Sensory ending of git stimulated by

A

Mucosa irritation,excessive distension,chemicals

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17
Q

Sympathetic parasympathetic function

A

S;release norepinephrine ,inhibit smooth muscle/neuron,motility decrease passage of food difficult and give versa

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18
Q

Gastro intestinal reflexes types

A

1)within gut wall——>peristalsis,secretion,mixing contents
2)between git and prevertebral sypatethic ganglia——->gastrocolic
>enterogastric
>colonoileal
3)between git and spinal cord/brain stem
>vagovagal
>pain
>defecation

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19
Q

Hormones of GIT

A

*Gastrin,Cholecystokinin,Secretin,GIP,Motilin

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19
Q

Hormones of GIT

A

*Gastrin,Cholecystokinin,Secretin,GIP,Motilin

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20
Q

Peristalsis

A

Involuntary rhythmic muscle contraction that pushes food forward in git

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21
Q

Peristalsis occurs when

A

Distension of wall,physical/chemical irritant,parasympathetic stimuli

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22
Q

My enteric plexus inhibited by

A

Atropine which inhibit cholinerguc endings thus no peristalsis

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23
Q

Movement of git types

A

Peristalsis and mixing

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24
Q

Chewing reflex another name

A

Mastication

25
Q

Rebound contraction

A

Reflex inhibition +stretch reflex

26
Q

Mastication controlled by

A

Motor branches of 5th CN

27
Q

Chewing necessary why

A

Break cellulose covering,increase surface area,easy swallowing

28
Q

Swallowing stages

A

Oral,Pharyngeal,esophageal

29
Q

Pharynx 2 functions

A

Respiration and swallowing making process of swallowing complicated and does one thing at a time

30
Q

Peristaltic waves originate at

A

Esophageal stage of swallowing

31
Q

Difference between primary and secondary peristaltic movements

A

1)P originate in pharynx,S anywhere food left behind
2)P intrinsic,S esophagus stretched
3)P-enteric nervous system,S-extrinsic vagus supply

32
Q

If brainstem damaged in accident secondary work

A

Yes after some time enteric takes over

33
Q

Swallowing center

A

Medulla (tracts solitarius)

34
Q

Wave of relaxation works on and caused by(receptive relaxation)

A

Lower esopahgeal sphincter,myenteric inhibitory neurons

35
Q

How lower esopagus prevent ulcers

A

1)constricted usually
2)Slit mechanism

36
Q

Achlasia

A

Constricted lower oesophagus sphincter causing food blockage

37
Q

Gerd

A

Relaxed lower esopahgeal sphincter causing gastric reflux and mucosa damage

38
Q

Rugae appear when

A

Stomach empty,not stretched

39
Q

Stomach reflexes

40
Q

Stomach can accommodate how much food

A

0.8 to 1.5 l

41
Q

Motor function of stomach

A

Storage,mixing,chyme inputting

42
Q

Retropulsion

A

Digging up of bonus and going back up for mixing in stomach forming chyme

43
Q

Chyme

A

Chopped bolus +gastric acid

44
Q

Chyme fluidity depend on

A

Food amount,water,stomach secretion

45
Q

Difference between hunger contraction and pangs

A

Contraction +pain=pangs

46
Q

Hunger pangs peak in

A

3 to 4 days

47
Q

Peristalsis in stomach function

A

20% -peristaltic pump
80%- mixing

48
Q

Stomach emptying promoted by

A

Pyloric pump and gastric factors(food volume more,gastrin)

49
Q

Stomach emptying inhibited by

A

Duodenal factors(enterogastric reflex + hormones)

50
Q

Effects of inhibition

A

Pyloric sphincter tone increase,pyloric pump decrease

51
Q

Small and large intestine movements

A

Artificial classification of mixing and peristaltic movement (as both occur mixed so no true classification here)

52
Q

Factors causing emptying inhibitions reflex to take place

A

Irritant,ph,osmolarkty,increase distension,fats more

53
Q

Inhibitory hormones

A

Cc’d,secretin,GIP

54
Q

Segmentation contraction

A

Mixing movements in small intestine

55
Q

Total small intestine time

A

3 to 5 hrs

56
Q

Peristaltic movements in small intestine controlled by

A

Nervous:gastroentric reflex,
Hormones:+ CCK,insulin,motilitin,serotonin,gastrin
- secretin,glucagon

57
Q

Peristaltic rush

A

More propulsive movement due to irritant,ulcers

58
Q

Haus trative movements,Mass movement

A

Colon mixing,peristaltic colon movements

59
Q

Defecation reflex

A

Intrinsic+Parasympathetic defecatiin reflex

60
Q

Paralysis of swallowing

A

Nerve damage,infection,muscle damage

61
Q

Anaesthesia

A

Swallowing center inhibit

MBBS 2 (7 decks)

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