Neurophysiology Flashcards
What is the nervous system?
The nervous system is a complex part of animals that coordinates actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from the CNS to the body.
_________ detects changes in the environment that impact the body which works in tandem with the endocrine system
Nervous system
Mention the 2 types of Neurons
- Afferent Neurons
- Efferent Neurons
What is afferent neurons?
The afferent neurons travels signals from the body’s sensory receptor to the CNS - brain and spinal cord. It is the signal from the periphery towards the brain and spinal cord
What is efferent neuron?
The efferent neuron travels from the brain and spinal cord (CNS) out to the muscles, and glands. It is the signal of the brain and spinal cord outside the muscles and glands
________ connects the afferent and efferent neurons
Interneurons
______ is known as Sensory neuron
The afferent neuron
The afferent neurons are characterized by _________
Body Sensory receptors
Information are carries from the periphery or outside the world to the brain and spine (CNS) by __________
The afferent Neurons
Or
Sensory Neurons
The efferent neurons are also known as ________
The Motor Neurons
The Motor Neurons or Efferent neurons are responsible for ___________
Transmitting or carrying information from the CNS to the PNS
List the 2 types of Efferent/motor neurons
Somatic Efferent Neurons
Autonomic Efferent Neurons
_________ neuron carries signal from the CNS to the skeletal muscle
Somatic Efferent Neuron
Voluntary/ Conscious action is carried out by ____________
The skeletal muscle
What is the function of the Autonomic Efferent Neuron
It carries signal from the CNS to the cardiac, smooth muscles and glands
_________ controls involuntary movement
Autonomic Efferent Neurons (ie by transmitting signals to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands)
The Autonomic Efferent neurons are divided into 2, list them:
- Parasympathetic different neuron
- Sympathetic Efferent Neurons
____________ prepares the body for action
Sympathetic Efferent neurons
What is cephalization?
Cephalization is simply the process of the development of the head of an organism or animal which contains the feeling organs, sensory organs, and nerve ganglia
The arrangement of the spinal cord is based on ________
On it’s Segment
The spinal Cord is made up of _______ segment and ________ region, namely:
31 Segments and 5 Regions
Namely:
1. Coccygeal (1)
2. Cervical (8)
3. Lumbar (5)
4. Sacral (5)
5. Thoracic (12)
Mnemonics: CCLST
List the functions of the Spinal cord segments
- Provides innervation for the body parts
- Provides cordinated body movements
- For protection purposes
What is responsible for taking the body back to its resting state after the sympathetic nervous system?
The parasympathetic efferent neuron
What is the effect of the sympathetic efferent neuron?
- Increase in heartbeat rate
- Increase in blood pressure
- Constriction of the blood vessels
What is the effect of the parasympathetic efferent neuron?
- Decrease in heartbeat rate
- Decrease in blood pressure
- Dilation of the blood vessel
Where is the ENS located and its function?
The ENS is located in the GIT and controls the walls of the GIT
ENS simply means _________
ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
The ENS is also known as _______ because it contains more _______ than the spinal cord
The second brain
Neurons
Discuss on the ENS Mechanism in the GIT
The ENS which simply means the Enteric Nervous System is found in the GIT thereby controlling the movement of food in the GIT.
Once food enters the stomach, it starts churning it. Then the ENS signals the stomach muscles to secret the gastric acid
Then when the food gets to the small intestine, the ENS signals the small intestine to absorb nutrients and water
In the large intestine, the ENS signal the large intestine to absorb electrolyte and to know when to send the waste product to the rectum
The ENSis made up of ______ plexus, list and explain it
It is made up of 2 plexus
Namely:
1. The Mycentric Plexus
2. The Submucosal plexus
The Mycentric plexus is found in the inner and outer layer muscles of the GIT. It controls the movement of food
The Submucosal plexus is found below the lining of the GIT. It regulates the absorption of nutrients and water
What are carnival nerves?
They are nerves from the cranium
Nerve from the spine are referred to as _____
The Spinal nerve
At cellular level the Nervous system is defined as ______________
The presence of nerve cells or neurons
Nerve cells sends signals in form of ____________
Electrochemical impulses
Signals travels in a thin fibre known as?
Axon
Connection between neurons form _______
- Neural Crest
- Neural Circuit
- Large network
A cell that receives synaptic signal from a neuron may be
- Excited
- Inhibited
- Modulated
______ helps in structural and metabolic support
Cilial cell
The neuron contains a specialized cells called
Glial Cell
Glial cells areof 6 types, namely;
- Oligodendrocytes
- Microglia
- Ependymal cell
- Schawn cell
- Astocytes
- Satellite Cells
Mnemoics: SAMESO
_______ plays a supporting role and maintaining the nervous system
The Glial cell
Nervous system are found in ______ animals
Multicellular animals
Nervous system are found in multicellular organisms except
________
________
________
Placozoans
Mesozoans
Sponges
What are
Placozoans
Mesozoans
Sponges
Placozoans: Microscopic organisms with simple body plane
Mesozoans: Parasitic organisms with fewer cells
Sponges: Are organisms with few or no specialised tissues
The grey matter is located in the _________
The center of the spinal cord
