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Apexia > Neurophysiology > Flashcards

Neurophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

The nervous system is a complex part of animals that coordinates actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from the CNS to the body.

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2
Q

_________ detects changes in the environment that impact the body which works in tandem with the endocrine system

A

Nervous system

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3
Q

Mention the 2 types of Neurons

A
  1. Afferent Neurons
  2. Efferent Neurons
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4
Q

What is afferent neurons?

A

The afferent neurons travels signals from the body’s sensory receptor to the CNS - brain and spinal cord. It is the signal from the periphery towards the brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

What is efferent neuron?

A

The efferent neuron travels from the brain and spinal cord (CNS) out to the muscles, and glands. It is the signal of the brain and spinal cord outside the muscles and glands

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6
Q

________ connects the afferent and efferent neurons

A

Interneurons

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7
Q

______ is known as Sensory neuron

A

The afferent neuron

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8
Q

The afferent neurons are characterized by _________

A

Body Sensory receptors

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9
Q

Information are carries from the periphery or outside the world to the brain and spine (CNS) by __________

A

The afferent Neurons
Or
Sensory Neurons

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10
Q

The efferent neurons are also known as ________

A

The Motor Neurons

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11
Q

The Motor Neurons or Efferent neurons are responsible for ___________

A

Transmitting or carrying information from the CNS to the PNS

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12
Q

List the 2 types of Efferent/motor neurons

A

Somatic Efferent Neurons
Autonomic Efferent Neurons

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13
Q

_________ neuron carries signal from the CNS to the skeletal muscle

A

Somatic Efferent Neuron

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14
Q

Voluntary/ Conscious action is carried out by ____________

A

The skeletal muscle

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15
Q

What is the function of the Autonomic Efferent Neuron

A

It carries signal from the CNS to the cardiac, smooth muscles and glands

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16
Q

_________ controls involuntary movement

A

Autonomic Efferent Neurons (ie by transmitting signals to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands)

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17
Q

The Autonomic Efferent neurons are divided into 2, list them:

A
  1. Parasympathetic different neuron
  2. Sympathetic Efferent Neurons
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18
Q

____________ prepares the body for action

A

Sympathetic Efferent neurons

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19
Q

What is cephalization?

A

Cephalization is simply the process of the development of the head of an organism or animal which contains the feeling organs, sensory organs, and nerve ganglia

20
Q

The arrangement of the spinal cord is based on ________

A

On it’s Segment

21
Q

The spinal Cord is made up of _______ segment and ________ region, namely:

A

31 Segments and 5 Regions

Namely:
1. Coccygeal (1)
2. Cervical (8)
3. Lumbar (5)
4. Sacral (5)
5. Thoracic (12)

Mnemonics: CCLST

22
Q

List the functions of the Spinal cord segments

A
  1. Provides innervation for the body parts
  2. Provides cordinated body movements
  3. For protection purposes
23
Q

What is responsible for taking the body back to its resting state after the sympathetic nervous system?

A

The parasympathetic efferent neuron

24
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic efferent neuron?

A
  1. Increase in heartbeat rate
  2. Increase in blood pressure
  3. Constriction of the blood vessels
25
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic efferent neuron?

A
  1. Decrease in heartbeat rate
  2. Decrease in blood pressure
  3. Dilation of the blood vessel
26
Q

Where is the ENS located and its function?

A

The ENS is located in the GIT and controls the walls of the GIT

27
Q

ENS simply means _________

A

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

28
Q

The ENS is also known as _______ because it contains more _______ than the spinal cord

A

The second brain
Neurons

29
Q

Discuss on the ENS Mechanism in the GIT

A

The ENS which simply means the Enteric Nervous System is found in the GIT thereby controlling the movement of food in the GIT.

Once food enters the stomach, it starts churning it. Then the ENS signals the stomach muscles to secret the gastric acid

Then when the food gets to the small intestine, the ENS signals the small intestine to absorb nutrients and water

In the large intestine, the ENS signal the large intestine to absorb electrolyte and to know when to send the waste product to the rectum

30
Q

The ENSis made up of ______ plexus, list and explain it

A

It is made up of 2 plexus

Namely:
1. The Mycentric Plexus
2. The Submucosal plexus

The Mycentric plexus is found in the inner and outer layer muscles of the GIT. It controls the movement of food

The Submucosal plexus is found below the lining of the GIT. It regulates the absorption of nutrients and water

31
Q

What are carnival nerves?

A

They are nerves from the cranium

32
Q

Nerve from the spine are referred to as _____

A

The Spinal nerve

33
Q

At cellular level the Nervous system is defined as ______________

A

The presence of nerve cells or neurons

34
Q

Nerve cells sends signals in form of ____________

A

Electrochemical impulses

35
Q

Signals travels in a thin fibre known as?

A

Axon

36
Q

Connection between neurons form _______

A
  • Neural Crest
  • Neural Circuit
  • Large network
37
Q

A cell that receives synaptic signal from a neuron may be

A
  • Excited
  • Inhibited
  • Modulated
38
Q

______ helps in structural and metabolic support

A

Cilial cell

39
Q

The neuron contains a specialized cells called

A

Glial Cell

40
Q

Glial cells areof 6 types, namely;

A
  1. Oligodendrocytes
  2. Microglia
  3. Ependymal cell
  4. Schawn cell
  5. Astocytes
  6. Satellite Cells

Mnemoics: SAMESO

41
Q

_______ plays a supporting role and maintaining the nervous system

A

The Glial cell

42
Q

Nervous system are found in ______ animals

A

Multicellular animals

43
Q

Nervous system are found in multicellular organisms except
________
________
________

A

Placozoans
Mesozoans
Sponges

44
Q

What are
Placozoans
Mesozoans
Sponges

A

Placozoans: Microscopic organisms with simple body plane

Mesozoans: Parasitic organisms with fewer cells

Sponges: Are organisms with few or no specialised tissues

45
Q

The grey matter is located in the _________

A

The center of the spinal cord

Apexia (14 decks)

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