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T3 - Neuro > Neurophysio 1 > Flashcards

Neurophysio 1 Flashcards

1
Q

at equilibrium there is _____ ___ ____

A

no net movement

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2
Q

Na+ wants to flow ____

A

in

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3
Q

K+ wants to flow ____

A

out

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4
Q

Cl- wants to flow ___

A

in

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5
Q

concentration gradient is a little ____ than electrical pull

A

stronger

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6
Q

____ ____: the membrane potential when there is a balance between electrical and chemical forces

A

equilibrium potential

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7
Q

assumption of the equilibrium potential: ____ type of ion can diffuse across the membrane at a time

A

1

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8
Q

each ion has its ____ equilibrium potential based on ____ ____ and ___ ___

A

ionic concentration

electrical charge

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9
Q

equilibrium potential predicts:

  • ___ of ionic flow
  • ___ ____
A

direction

driving force

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10
Q

___ ___: power of the electrical current; stronger the currect, the faster the flow

A

driving force

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11
Q

equilibrium potential has 2 other names

A

reversal potential

nernst potential

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12
Q

___ ___: when there is only 1 ion affecting membrane potential; point at which the polarity of the membrane potential switches

A

reversal potential

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13
Q

most of the cells resting membrane potential is determined by the equilibrium for ____

A

POTASSIUM

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14
Q

equilibrium potential ranges from ___ to ___

A

-65 to -95

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15
Q

resting membrane potential is predicted by the ___ ___ ___ equation

A

goldman hodgkin katz

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16
Q

GHK found that resting membrane potential is related to the concentration of ____ of the 3 ions and the cells ___ to each

A

each

permeability

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17
Q

equation for driving force= _____ - _____

A

resting membrane potential MINUS equilibrium potential for the ion

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18
Q

the larger the driving force, the ___ the ionic current will travel once the cell becomes permeable to that ion

A

faster

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19
Q

___ channels: responsible for resting membrane potential

A

leaky channels

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20
Q

__ ___ channels: responds to neural transmission; post synaptic side; neuron communicates

A

ligand gated

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21
Q

___ ____ channels: responsible for the generation of APs

A

voltage gated

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22
Q

changes in membrane potential affect the properties ___ ___ ion channels causing them to open or close

A

voltage gated

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23
Q

___: changing the state of these channels allows for ionic flow into and out of the neuron

A

current

24
Q

___ ____ ___: the flow into the cell leads to depolarization and further AP regeneration along the neuronal axon, repeating until it reaches the terminal

A

positive feedback loop

25
Q

2 mechanisms that allow ionic flow across the channel

A

ligand gated

voltage gated

26
Q

___ ___ potential: more positive charge in the cell than before

A

excitatory postsynaptic potential

27
Q

EPSP are controlled by the small influx of ___

A

Na+

28
Q

____ ___ potential: makes it harder to generate an action potential

A

inhibitory postsynaptic potential

29
Q

___ in the membrane prevents EPSPs from sticking around

A

leakage

30
Q

if EPSPs are summed to threshold, a spike is ____

A

generated

31
Q

reaching the ___ potential leads to a massive depolarization

A

threshold

32
Q

a voltage gated Na+ channel contains a ___ charge

A

positive

33
Q

when there is a large enough change in membrane charge, the voltage gated Na+ channel will change conformation and ____

A

open

34
Q

voltage gated ion channels are located in ___

A

clusters

35
Q

when threshold is reached in one area, it causes a ___ ____ and ___ is reached in adjacent areas; this is the ____ property of an AP

A

local depolarization
threshold
regenerative

36
Q

APs happen in an ____ or ____ way

A

all

nothing

37
Q

voltage gated Na+ channels inactivate quickly via ___ ___ ___ mechanism

A

ball and chain

38
Q

when the membrane potential is too depolarized, the voltage gated Na+ channel’s own side chain ___ the open pore

A

plugs

39
Q

voltage gated K+ channels work like voltage gated Na+ channels but they are _____

A

slower

40
Q

voltage gated K+ only open after the cell has depolarized so much that the membrane potential is close to ___mV

A

30

41
Q

when the cell gets to 30mV there is a huge flow of K+ ___ to reestablish membrane potential

A

out

42
Q

_____: so much K+ flows out that the cell is at an even lower membrane potential than at rest

A

afterhyperpolarization

43
Q

when the cell detect that afterhyperpolarization occurs, _____ ___ begins to work to increase intracellular Na+ concentrations

A

Na+/K+/ATPase pump

44
Q

____ ___ period: voltage gated Na+ channels will not open temporarily, regardless of stimulus; another AP cannot be regenerated

A

absolute refractory

45
Q

___ ___ period: while voltage gated K+ channels have opened, the driving force of K+ to leave the cell is much stronger than the driving force for Na+ to enter the cell; it is possible to elicit another AP with a strong enough influx of Na+

A

relative refractory period

46
Q

____: the degree to which ion channels are open for a given area on the cell membrane

A

conductance

47
Q

changing either the number of channels open or the openness of individual channels will change ___ ___

A

ionic current

48
Q

conductance is the invers of ____

A

resistance

49
Q

Ohm’s Law _=__x___

A

voltage (V) = current (I) x resistance (R)

50
Q

resistance affects current across 2 directions

A

across the membrane

across the cytoplasm

51
Q

if there is ____ resistance in the membrane that there is in the cytoplasm, the current will tend to flow through the _______ rather than leaking back out

A

greater

cytoplasm

52
Q

as diameter of an axon ____, there is more cytoplasm to flow through instead of back through the membrane.

A

increases

53
Q

the bigger axons conduct with ___ velocity

A

higher

54
Q

the ____ the axon, the more area it has for ions to flow in, the ____ the action potential is regenerated

A

fatter

faster

55
Q

myelinated axons conduct action potential much ___ than unmyelinated axons

A

faster

T3 - Neuro (5 decks)

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