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T3 - Neuro > intro to neuro > Flashcards

intro to neuro Flashcards

1
Q

3 functions of the nervous system

  • takes ___ sensory info with sensory neurons
  • ____ the info with interneurons
  • tells muscles and glands to ___ accordingly with motor neurons
A

takes in
integrates
responds

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2
Q

sensory receptor ___ energy into electrochemical signal

A

transduces

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3
Q

sensory arm enters through ____ nervous system

A

peripheral

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4
Q

the sensory arm travels to either/both ___ ___ and ___

A

spinal cord

brain

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5
Q

___ cranial nerves

___ spinal nerves

A

8

31

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6
Q

peripheral nervous system has 2 parts

A

somatic

autonomic

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7
Q

somatic nervous system involves ___ muscle

A

skeletal

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8
Q

somatic nervous system is ____ and effects the muscles that you usually have ____ over

A

voluntary

control

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9
Q

autonomic nervous system involves the ___ muscle

A

smooth

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10
Q

autonomic nervous system is ____

A

involuntary

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11
Q

somaic motor neuron has a ___ axon

A

long

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12
Q

autonomic motor neuron has a relay at the ____

A

ganglion

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13
Q

parasympathetic

  • pupils ____
  • ___ flow of saliva
  • ____ heartbeat
A

constrict
stimulates
slows

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14
Q

parasympathetic

  • ___ peristalsis and secretion
  • ___ release of bile
  • ____ bladder
  • _____ bronchi
A

stimulates
stimulates
contracts
constricts

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15
Q

sympathetic
- ___ pupil
___ flow of saliva
- ___ heartbeat

A

dilates
inhibits
accelerates

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16
Q

sympathetic

  • ____ bronchi
  • ____ peristalsis and secretion
  • conversion of glycogen to glucose
A

dilates

inhibits

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17
Q

sympathetic

  • secretion of ___ and ___
  • ___ bladder contraction
A

adrenaline and noradrenaline

inhibits

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18
Q

anterior part of the brain is known as ____

A

rostral

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19
Q

posterior part of the brian is known as ___

A

caudal

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20
Q

2 major nervous cells

A

neurons

glia

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21
Q

____: increase surface area and have many branches from the soma

A

dendrites

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22
Q

____: neuromal center; perikaryon; cell body; contains the cytoplasm and nucleus

A

soma

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23
Q

____: transcription; replication; DNA repair happens here

A

nucleus

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24
Q

____ _____ ____: where ions can flow

A

nodes of ranvier

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25
Q

___ ___: ideal for propagation; fat; made by oligodendrocytes or schwann cells

A

myeline sheath

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26
Q

in the peripheral nervous system the myelin sheath by ___ cells

A

schwann

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27
Q

in the central nervous system the myeline sheath by ____

A

oligodendrocytes

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28
Q

___ ___: end of axon; has branches; where axon interacts with other cells; aka axon bouton

A

axon terminal

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29
Q

____: no dendrites; lack branches

A

unipolar neurons

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30
Q

____: 1 major dendrite; 1 major axon

A

bipolar

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31
Q

____: lot of primary dendrites; most neurons

A

multipolar

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32
Q

____: dorsal root neurons; no dendrites; axon bifurcates - 1 goes to the periphery and 1 to CNS

A

pseudounipolar

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33
Q

3 types of glial cells

A

oligodendrocyte
astrocyte
microglial

34
Q

microglial cell are derived from ___ from monocytes

A

macrophages

35
Q

4 functions of astrocytes

  • ___ delivery
  • ___ ____ barrier
  • ____ response
  • ____ release
  • ____ recycling
A 
glucose
blood brain
inflammatory
ATP
glutamate
36
Q

1 function of oligodendrocytes

A

myelinate axons in the CNS

37
Q

2 functions of microglia

  • major ___ response
  • ____
A

major immune response

phagocytosis

38
Q

2 functions of ependymal cells

A

help produce and move cerebrospinal fluid through the brain

39
Q

the synapse is a ____, not just a space

A

connection

40
Q

___ site is where the vesicles of neurotransmitters are docked

A

active

41
Q

_____ ___ extracellular space between 2 cells

A

synaptic cleft

42
Q

___ vesicles holds the neurotransmitter

A

synaptic

43
Q

____ process holds the synapse together

A

astrocyte

44
Q

____ ____ - cell bodies and dendrites, unmyelinated axons (CNS)

A

gray matter

45
Q

____ ___ - myelinated axons (CNS)

A

white matter

46
Q

___ - cell bodies clustered together in the CNS; collection of gray matter (has a lot of cell bodies and dendrites)

A

nuclei

47
Q

____ - axons clustered together in the CNS

A

tracts

48
Q

___ - cell bodies, usually in the PNS

A

ganglion

49
Q

___ - collection of ganglion

A

plexus

50
Q

___ - axons clustered in the PNS

A

nerves

51
Q

Nissl Body - ___ are cell bodies = gray matter

A

ribosome

52
Q

gray matter stains ___

A

purple

53
Q

white matter stains ____

A

black

54
Q

neurons are _____

A

CELLS

55
Q

neurons have ___ needs

A

metabolic

56
Q

4 unique components of neurons

A

myelin sheaths
vesicles
axons

57
Q

neurons ____ continually divide

A

DONT

58
Q

lysosomes = ____ bags

A

suicide

59
Q

NIssl Body = ____

A

ribosome

60
Q

neurofilaments and microtubules contribute to the the neurons ____

A

structure

61
Q

golgi complex packages and secretes ____

A

vesicles

62
Q

____ triggers vesicles to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

A

calcium

63
Q

___ ___ ____ channels in the axon terminal mediate vesicle binding and release of neurotransmitter

A

voltage gated calcium

64
Q

vesicles are tied to the active zones by docking proteins, including ____ and ____

A

actin

synaptophysin

65
Q

___ helps to withdraw vesicle components back from synaptic cleft

A

clathrin

66
Q

slow axonal transport is from ____ including ____

A

proteins

neuropeptides

67
Q

fast anterograde axonal transport is for ___

A

kinesin

68
Q

fast retrograde axonal transport is for ___

A

dynein

69
Q

kinesin walks along the microtubule going from ____ to ____ ___

A

nucleus

axon terminal

70
Q

dynein doesnt need microtubules and goes from ___ ___ to ___

A

axon terminal

nucleus

71
Q

___ axonal transport is also used for synthesis of some neurotransmitters and vesicles

A

anterograde

72
Q

___ axonal transport is also used for recycling of released materials and growth factors

A

retrograde

73
Q

___ help nerve growth, migration, patterning through retrograde transport

A

neurotrophins

74
Q

the soups believed that neurons used “____” signals

A

chemical

75
Q

the sparks believed that neurons used “____” signals

A

electrical

76
Q

a substance released in the ____ fluid is the basis of signaling

A

extracellular

77
Q

___ ____ is the standard explanation for how neurons communicate

A

chemical transmission

78
Q

___ ___: a direct, open connection between 1 neurons and another

A

electrical synapses

79
Q

electrical synapses: 1 neurons changes voltage, since its a connected system, the connected neuron ___ ___

A

changes voltage

80
Q

cells are connected via ___ ___

A

gap junctions

81
Q

the glue between cells are channel pores called ___

A

connexins

T3 - Neuro (5 decks)

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