Neurodevelopment 1 Flashcards

1
Q

___% of births are without major neurodevelopmental dysfunction

A

97

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2
Q

about ___ the protein coding genes are also in some way involved in development of the NS

A

half

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3
Q

____: you are born with the attributes to survive on its own

A

precocious

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4
Q

most neuronal production and migration occurs during the ___ through ____ months of development

A

3rd-5th

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5
Q

the formation of neural connections and production of myelin sheaths continue ____ birth

A

after

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6
Q

____: neural connections

A

neuropil

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7
Q

___: where axons and dendrites meet

A

neuropil

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8
Q

gliogenesis takes place during the ___ and ___ trimesters of pregnancy and early ___ development

A

2nd and 3rd

postnatal

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9
Q

glia outnumber neurons __:___ in the fully developed brain

A

10:1

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10
Q

glial abnormalities related to….

A

alzheimers
MS
schizophrenia
depression

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11
Q

schizophrenia can be related to the mother getting sick during ____

A

pregnancy

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12
Q

when cells are in the morula they are ___

A

totipotent

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13
Q

___: cells have the potential to make its own organism itself

A

totipotent

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14
Q

when cells are in the blastocyst, they are ___

A

pluripotent

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15
Q

____: potential to make many things

A

pluripotent

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16
Q

___ is when cell differentiation begins

A

gastrulation

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17
Q

gastrulation is going from ___ to ___ cell layers

A

2 –> 3

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18
Q

3 germ layers after gastrulation

A

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

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19
Q

ectoderm gives rise to ___ ___ and ___

A

NS

Skin

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20
Q

mesoderm gives rise to __ and ____

ALSO ___

A

skeleton
musculature
Notochord

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21
Q

endoderm gives rise to the __ ___

A

gut tube

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22
Q

neurons have to rely on ____

A

cues

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23
Q

neural induction follows gastrulation from ___ acting on ectoderm

A

morphogens

24
Q

___ ___: undifferentiated tissue becomes nervous tissue

A

neural induction

25
Q

_____ provides neural inducing morphogens to the ectoderm

A

mesoderm

26
Q

morphagens are ___ that send specific signals that will determine the fate of an undifferentiated tissue

A

cues

27
Q

extra embryonic tissue contains ___

A

BMP

28
Q

when BMP comes into contact with undifferentiated ectoderm it gets a morphogen to become ___

A

epidermis

29
Q

notochord secretes an enzyme that ___ BMP

A

blocks

30
Q

notochord becomes the ___ ____ in the adult

A

nucleus pulposus

31
Q

___ is the process of forming the neural tube from ectoderm

A

neurulation

32
Q

neurulation involves:

  • formation of the ___ ___
  • neural plate becomes ___ ___
  • groove becomes closed ___ ___
A

neural plate
neural groove
neural tube

33
Q

___ ____ results from incomplete caudal neural tube closure

A

spina bifida

34
Q

2 types of spina bifinida cystica

A

meningocele

meningomyelocele

35
Q

spina bifida cystica meningocele

A

not covered and have a bump

still in line and can come out

36
Q

spina bifida cystica meningomyelocle

A

more intense
motor deficiencies
offset spinal cord

37
Q

___ results from incomplete rostral neural tube closure

A

anencephaly

38
Q

the neural tube is the ___ ___ ___

A

CNS

39
Q

3 vesicles develop into the future brain

A

presencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

40
Q

cervical flexure is between the ___ and ___

A

rhombencephalon

spinal cord

41
Q

cephalic flexure is between the ___ and ____

A

mesencephalon

prosencephalon

42
Q

rhombencephalon separates into the ___ and __ at level of pontine flexure

A

metaencephalon

myelencephalon

43
Q

prosencephalon separates into the ___ and ___

A

diencephalon

telencephalon

44
Q

telencephalon turns into 3 things

A

cerebral cortex
corpus striatum/basal ganglia
hippocampus

45
Q

diencephalon turns into 3 things

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
retina

46
Q

mesencephalon turns into the ___

A

midbrain

47
Q

metencephalon turns into 2 things

A

cerebellum

pons

48
Q

myelencephalon turns into the ___ ____

A

medulla oblongata

49
Q

lumen of the neural tube becomes the ___ ___

A

ventricular system

50
Q

each vesicle contains different ___

A

ventricle

51
Q

choroid plexus is: ____ ___ + ____+___ ___

A

vascular tissue
pia
ependymal cells

52
Q

ependymal cells make ___

A

CSF

53
Q

a “c” shape emerges with cortical development around the ___

A

insula

54
Q

shaped growth of the “c” shaped structures ____ structures that are beneath the ____

A

rotates

neocortex

55
Q

4 structures that are c shaped

A

corpus callosum
basal ganglia
hippocampus
choroid plexus