Neurodevelopment 1 Flashcards
___% of births are without major neurodevelopmental dysfunction
97
about ___ the protein coding genes are also in some way involved in development of the NS
half
____: you are born with the attributes to survive on its own
precocious
most neuronal production and migration occurs during the ___ through ____ months of development
3rd-5th
the formation of neural connections and production of myelin sheaths continue ____ birth
after
____: neural connections
neuropil
___: where axons and dendrites meet
neuropil
gliogenesis takes place during the ___ and ___ trimesters of pregnancy and early ___ development
2nd and 3rd
postnatal
glia outnumber neurons __:___ in the fully developed brain
10:1
glial abnormalities related to….
alzheimers
MS
schizophrenia
depression
schizophrenia can be related to the mother getting sick during ____
pregnancy
when cells are in the morula they are ___
totipotent
___: cells have the potential to make its own organism itself
totipotent
when cells are in the blastocyst, they are ___
pluripotent
____: potential to make many things
pluripotent
___ is when cell differentiation begins
gastrulation
gastrulation is going from ___ to ___ cell layers
2 –> 3
3 germ layers after gastrulation
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
ectoderm gives rise to ___ ___ and ___
NS
Skin
mesoderm gives rise to __ and ____
ALSO ___
skeleton
musculature
Notochord
endoderm gives rise to the __ ___
gut tube
neurons have to rely on ____
cues
neural induction follows gastrulation from ___ acting on ectoderm
morphogens
___ ___: undifferentiated tissue becomes nervous tissue
neural induction
_____ provides neural inducing morphogens to the ectoderm
mesoderm
morphagens are ___ that send specific signals that will determine the fate of an undifferentiated tissue
cues
extra embryonic tissue contains ___
BMP
when BMP comes into contact with undifferentiated ectoderm it gets a morphogen to become ___
epidermis
notochord secretes an enzyme that ___ BMP
blocks
notochord becomes the ___ ____ in the adult
nucleus pulposus
___ is the process of forming the neural tube from ectoderm
neurulation
neurulation involves:
- formation of the ___ ___
- neural plate becomes ___ ___
- groove becomes closed ___ ___
neural plate
neural groove
neural tube
___ ____ results from incomplete caudal neural tube closure
spina bifida
2 types of spina bifinida cystica
meningocele
meningomyelocele
spina bifida cystica meningocele
not covered and have a bump
still in line and can come out
spina bifida cystica meningomyelocle
more intense
motor deficiencies
offset spinal cord
___ results from incomplete rostral neural tube closure
anencephaly
the neural tube is the ___ ___ ___
CNS
3 vesicles develop into the future brain
presencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon
cervical flexure is between the ___ and ___
rhombencephalon
spinal cord
cephalic flexure is between the ___ and ____
mesencephalon
prosencephalon
rhombencephalon separates into the ___ and __ at level of pontine flexure
metaencephalon
myelencephalon
prosencephalon separates into the ___ and ___
diencephalon
telencephalon
telencephalon turns into 3 things
cerebral cortex
corpus striatum/basal ganglia
hippocampus
diencephalon turns into 3 things
thalamus
hypothalamus
retina
mesencephalon turns into the ___
midbrain
metencephalon turns into 2 things
cerebellum
pons
myelencephalon turns into the ___ ____
medulla oblongata
lumen of the neural tube becomes the ___ ___
ventricular system
each vesicle contains different ___
ventricle
choroid plexus is: ____ ___ + ____+___ ___
vascular tissue
pia
ependymal cells
ependymal cells make ___
CSF
a “c” shape emerges with cortical development around the ___
insula
shaped growth of the “c” shaped structures ____ structures that are beneath the ____
rotates
neocortex
4 structures that are c shaped
corpus callosum
basal ganglia
hippocampus
choroid plexus
