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MODA > Neuropharm > Flashcards

Neuropharm Flashcards

1
Q

What causes inflammatory cell influx?

A

TNF-alpha

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2
Q

How does NGF cause pain?

A

Either increases activity or converts silent nociceptor

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3
Q

Where do NSAIDs and opiods act?

A

SPine, CNS, PNS

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4
Q

Why don’t local anaesthetics work as well in inflamed areas?

A

More acidic so more ionised so can’t penetrate

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5
Q

What do opiates mimic?

A

Endorphins

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6
Q

What are the four opiate receptors?

A

Mu, kappa, delta and orphan

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7
Q

What kind of receptors are opiod receptors?

A

GPCRs and cause hyperpol

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8
Q

Where do inhibitory pain pathways begin?

A

PAG

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9
Q

Which animal has alpha-2 agonist and NSAID sensitivity?

A

Cow

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10
Q

Which opioid receptors do birds and reptiles have?

A

Kappa

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11
Q

Where are D2 receptors found?

A

Pre and post synaptically

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12
Q

How do D2 receptors affect ion conductance?

A

Increase K+, decrease Ca2+

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13
Q

Where are D2 receptors found?

A

Striatum and cortex

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14
Q

Where is alpha-2 action centrally?

A

Presynaptic

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15
Q

Where is alpha-2 action peripherally?

A

Postsynaptic

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16
Q

Where are there lots of adrenergic neurones in the rat brain?

A

Locus coeruleus

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17
Q

What stimulates the LC in chronic stress states?

A

Cortisol

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18
Q

Where is the second most plentiful area of NA neurones?

A

Lateral tegmental area

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19
Q

What are the predominant sedative class in large animals?

A

Alpha-2 agonist

20
Q

What kind of receptors are GABA-C and GABA-A?

A

Ionotrophic

21
Q

What kind of receptor is GABA B?

A

GPCR

22
Q

Which GABA receptor is implicated in general anaesthesia?

A

A

23
Q

How many GABA binding sites are there per receptor complex on the beta subunit?

A

2

24
Q

What do binding sites on the alpha subunit do?

A

Enhance chloride input

25
Q

Which GABA subunits are found lots in the hippocampus?

A

Alpha-5

26
Q

What is the GABA alpha-1 subunit associated with?

A

Sedative and anticonvulsant

27
Q

What is the GABA alpha-2 subunit assocaited with?

A

Anxiolytic

28
Q

Where is the GABA binding site for inhalational agents?

A

Alpha subunit

29
Q

Where is the GABA binding site for injectible agents?

A

Beta subunit

30
Q

Three kinds of antidepressants?

A

Tricyclic, SSRI, MAO inhibitor

31
Q

How do all epilepsy treatments act?

A

Reduce electrical activity

32
Q

Why are cattle sensitive to xylazine?

A

Uptake mechanism

33
Q

How does decreased temp affect MAC?

A

Decreases

34
Q

How does decreased pressure affect MAC?

A

Decreases

35
Q

How does age affect MAC?

A

Decreases

36
Q

How do Na and Mg affect MAC?

A

Decrease

37
Q

Where is dog appeasing pheremone released from?

A

Lactating bitch

38
Q

Where is horse appeasing pheremone released from?

A

Lactating mare

39
Q

How do progesterone and oestrogens inhibit male related behaviours?

A

Suppress Glu transmission

40
Q

Which GABA subunit is associated with anxyolysis?

A

Alpha-2

41
Q

Which class tonically inhibits the beta subunit?

A

Barbiturates

42
Q

How does “Pet Remedy” work?

A

GABA agonist faciliator

43
Q

Why is status epilepticus life threatening?

A

Heart failure

44
Q

What is ictus?

A

Fitting

45
Q

What can epilepsy be reactive to?

A

e.g. Pyrexia, hypoglycaemia

MODA (10 decks)

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