Neuropathology Martin Flashcards
1
Q
Describe an acute red neuron.
A
- Earliest indicator of acute insult
- Cell body shrinks, pyknosis, loss of neucleolus and missl substance
- intense eosiniphilia
2
Q
Describe subacute and chronic neuronal injury.
A
- Degeneration that occurs with progressive disease
- best indicator of neuronal injury
- cell loss and reactive gliosis -→ apoptosis
- abnormal protein accumulation
3
Q
What is an axonal reaction?
A
- It is increased protein synthesis associated with axonal sprouting characterized by:
- Enlarged rounded cell bodies
- peripheral displacement of neucleus
- enlarged nucleolus
- Nissl is found in periphery and not central → central chromatolysis
4
Q
What inclusions are seen with Rabies, alzheimers, parkinsons, and CJD
A
- Intracytoplasmic inclusions
- Rabies: Negri bodies
- Alzheimer: Neurofibrillary tangles
- Parkinson: Lewy bodies
- CJD:vacuolization of perikaryon and neuronal processes
5
Q
Inclusions seen in herpes and CMV
A
- Intranuclear inclusions
- Herpes: Cowdry body
- CMV: intranuclear and cytoplasmic owl’s eye
6
Q
What is Gliosis?
A
- MOST important histopathologic indicatory of CNS injury
- characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of astrocytes
- astrocytes are metaboic buffers, detoxifiers and contribute to BBB
7
Q
What are Gemistocytes?
A
- nuclei are enlarged and cell becomes vesicular and develops prominent nucleoli
- Cytoplasm expands and becomes bright pink and nucleus moves eccentrically
8
Q
What are Alzheimer type 2 astrocytes?
A
- Found in gray matter
- Large nucleus
- pale staining central chromatin
- Intranuclear glycogen droplet and prominent nuclear membrane and nucleolus
9
Q
What diseases can alzheimer type 2 astrocyte be seen in?
A
- Hyperammononemia (chronic liver dz)
- Wilson Dz
- Hereditary mobolic DO of urea cycle
10
Q
What are Rosenthal fibers?
A
- thick elongated eosinoiphilic irregular structures within an astrocytic process
11
Q
What heat shock proteins are found in rosenthal fibers?
A
- Alpha B- crystaline and HSP27 and Ubiquitin
12
Q
When do you see rosenthal fibers?
A
- Longstanding gliosis, which can be seen with a Pilocytic astrocytoma (bengin and slow growing tumor)
13
Q
what is alexander dz?
A
- leukodystrophy
- periventricular perivascular and subpial rosenthal fibers are seen
14
Q
What is Corpora amylacea? (how do they stain, what do they look like, and what makes them up)
A
- polyglucosan bodies which stain PAS+
- round faitly basophilic concentrically laminated strictures adjacent to astrocytic end processes
- Glycosaminoglycan polymers, HSP and Ubiquitinn
- increase with age and represent degenerative change
15
Q
How do Microglia respond to injury?
A
- Proliferate
- Develop elongated nuclei (seen in neurosyphilis)
- Microglial nodules
- Neuronophagia
