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NMSP > Cerebrovascular Disease and Infections > Flashcards

Cerebrovascular Disease and Infections Flashcards

1
Q

ACA lesion?

A
  • upper motor neuron type weakness and cortical type sensory loss
  • Initally contralateral hemiplegia
  • contralateral leg more than arm or face
    • alien hand syndrome
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2
Q

PCA lesion?

A

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia

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3
Q

MCA lesion?

A
  • aphasia
  • hemineglect
  • hemianopia
  • face-arm sensoriomotor loss
  • gaze preference to side of lesion
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4
Q

ACA-MCA watershed area infarction?

A
  • proximal arm and leg weakness
  • transcortical aphasia
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5
Q

MCA-PCA watershed infarction?

A

Higher order visual processing

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6
Q

Carotid stenosis thrombi symptoms?

A
  • contralateral face arm weakness
  • contralateral visual field defeccts
  • aphasia
  • face arm leg weakness
  • contralateral sensory changes
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7
Q

What artery is most affected by embolic infarction?

A

MCA

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8
Q

____ hemorrhages are characteristic of bone marrow embolization.

A

Widespread white matter

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9
Q

Heritable coagulation factor disorders?

A
  • protein S or C deficiencyh
  • Antithormbin III deficiency
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10
Q

What are the two types of strokes?

A
  • Hemorrhagic
    • emboli associated
    • hemorrhage secondary to reperfusion of damaged vessels
  • Ischemic
    • thrombus associated
    • hemorrhagic conversion: vessels ruptures leading to secondary hemorrhage
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11
Q

Ischemic stroke mechanisms?

A
  • embolic
  • thrombolic
  • large vessel such as MCA
  • small vessel especially in basal ganglia
  • Lacunar infarcts: small vessel infarcts resembling small lakes
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12
Q

What is a lower motor neuron lesion of cranial nerves IX X and XII?

A

Bulbar palsy

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13
Q

What is the name for a condition that affects your ability to control the miscles in your face, including your jaw?

A

Psuedobulbar palsy aka involuntary emotional expression disorder

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14
Q

Where is pneumococcal meingitis densest?

A

over convexitites near sagittal sinus

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15
Q

Where is H. influenzae located in the brain?

A

Basal location

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16
Q

Focal cerebritis?

A
  • inflammatory cells infiltrate walls of the veins and extend in brain substance
17
Q

What does leptomeningeal fibrosis lead to?

A

Hydrocephalous

18
Q

What is ventriculitis?

A
  • fulminant infection with inflammation that extends to ventricles
19
Q

Gram stain for N. meningitidis, S. pneumonia, H. influenzae, S.aureus, S. streptococci, E.coli?

A
  • N. meningitidis Gram negative diplococci
  • S.pneumoniae gram positive diplococci
  • H. influenzae gram negative pleomorphic
  • S. aureus and S epi streptococci gram positive cocci
  • E. coli gram negative bacilli
20
Q

Glucose level in CSF if bacteria are present?

A

Low because bacteria eat glucose

21
Q

Viral meningitis CSF findings?

A
  • normal pressure
  • clear
  • early PMNs and Late lymphs
  • normal glucose and protein or negative
  • 0-500 cells
22
Q

Bacterial meningitis CSF results?

A
  • increased pressure
  • opaque
  • 1-60,000 cells
  • lots PMNs
  • negative glucose
  • high protein
23
Q

3m-2yo unvaccinated with acute meningitis, what is t he cause?

A

H. influenza type B

24
Q

Neonate acute meningitis cause?

A
  • E.coli
  • Grp B strep
25
Q

Adolescent and young adult meningitis cause?

A
  • N. meningitidis
26
Q

Elderly meningitis causes?

A
  • Strep pneumonia
  • Listeria
27
Q

Acute meningitis in an immunocompromised patient is likely caused by…?

A
  • S. pneumonia
  • N. meningitidis
  • L. .monocytogenes
  • P. aeruginosa
28
Q

Basilar skull fracture meningitis cause?

A
  • S. pneumonia
  • H. influenzae
  • Grp A beta hemolytic strep
29
Q

Head trauma post neurosurgery meningitis causes?

A
  • S. aureus
  • S. epi
  • aerobic gram - bacilli
30
Q

CSF shunt meningitis causes?

A
  • S. epi
  • S. aureus
  • P. aeruginosa
  • P. acnes
31
Q

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome?

A

Hemorrhagic infarction of adrenal glands seen with N. meningitidis

32
Q

Chronic meningitis CSF results?

A
  • Elecvated protein
  • Mostly lymphocytic
  • Sometimes low glucose level
33
Q

HIV is associated with increased incidence of ___?

A

primary CNS lymphoma

34
Q

Rash on palms and soles?

A
  • Hand foot mouth
  • Kawasaki Dz
  • Rocky Mtn spotted fever
  • Secondary Syphilis
35
Q

CNS Rocky mountain spotted fever symptoms?

A
  • diffuse cerebral edema
  • meningeal enhancement
  • arterial infarction
  • signal abnormality within distribution of perivvascular spaces

NMSP (6 decks)

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