Neurons & RMP

Question 1

Name the major components of a neuron.

Answer 1

Dendrites 
Soma (cell body)
Axon 
Node of Ranvier
Synapses

Question 2

What structures create myelin in the CNS and PNS respectively?

Answer 2

CNS - oligodendrocytes

PNS - Schwann cells

Question 3

Name some non-neuronal CNS components.

Answer 3

Oligodendrocytes
Astrocyte
Microglia
Capillary

Question 4

Describe the RMP.

Answer 4

Inside of neurons is electrically negative when compared to the outside.
Due to a combination of concentration gradients for ions and differential permeability of membrane to K+ when compared to Na+.

Question 5

Name the forces acting on the ions and the concept of equilibrium.

Answer 5

Electrostatic and concentration gradients
Can both act simultaneously
Can be in the same or opposite directions
If in opposite directions they can exactly balance = ions stop moving = equilibrium for that ion

Question 6

Name and describe the different types of gated ion channels.

Answer 6

Voltage gated - NB in action potential
Mechanically gated - e.g. touch receptors, auditory receptors
Chemically gated - e.g. synapses, olfaction, taste, pain (direct vs indirect gated)

Question 7

Name the two systems used to classify axons in neurons.

Answer 7

ABC system and I-IV system

Question 8

Describe the ABC system for classifying axons in neurons.

Answer 8

A: myelinated, fastest, sensation of temperature and pressure
B: myelinated, slower, mainly ANS, pre-ganglionic
C: unmyelinated, slowest, carry slow and burning pain, post-ganglionic

Question 9

Describe the I-IV system for classifying axons in neurons.

Answer 9

I: biggest, fastest
II: medium diameter, fast, but not fastest
III: thin myelin, slow conduction
IV: unmyelinated and slow